/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NavigableMap;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellComparatorImpl;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ExtendedCell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseClassTestRule;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseTestingUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeepDeletedCells;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValueTestUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValueUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableDescriptors;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RegionInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RegionInfoBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.TableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.TableDescriptorBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.UnexpectedStateException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.monitoring.ThreadLocalServerSideScanMetrics;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.testclassification.MediumTests;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.testclassification.RegionServerTests;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdge;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.FSTableDescriptors;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.wal.WALFactory;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.ClassRule;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;
import org.junit.rules.TestName;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.Lists;

/** memstore test case */
@Category({ RegionServerTests.class, MediumTests.class })
public class TestDefaultMemStore {

  @ClassRule
  public static final HBaseClassTestRule CLASS_RULE =
    HBaseClassTestRule.forClass(TestDefaultMemStore.class);

  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestDefaultMemStore.class);
  @Rule
  public TestName name = new TestName();
  protected AbstractMemStore memstore;
  protected static final int ROW_COUNT = 10;
  protected static final int QUALIFIER_COUNT = ROW_COUNT;
  protected static final byte[] FAMILY = Bytes.toBytes("column");
  protected MultiVersionConcurrencyControl mvcc;
  protected AtomicLong startSeqNum = new AtomicLong(0);
  protected ChunkCreator chunkCreator;

  private String getName() {
    return this.name.getMethodName();
  }

  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    internalSetUp();
    // no pool
    this.chunkCreator = ChunkCreator.initialize(MemStoreLAB.CHUNK_SIZE_DEFAULT, false, 0, 0, 0,
      null, MemStoreLAB.INDEX_CHUNK_SIZE_PERCENTAGE_DEFAULT);
    this.memstore = new DefaultMemStore();
  }

  @AfterClass
  public static void tearDownClass() throws Exception {
    ChunkCreator.getInstance().clearChunkIds();
  }

  protected void internalSetUp() throws Exception {
    this.mvcc = new MultiVersionConcurrencyControl();
  }

  @Test
  public void testPutSameKey() {
    byte[] bytes = Bytes.toBytes(getName());
    KeyValue kv = new KeyValue(bytes, bytes, bytes, bytes);
    this.memstore.add(kv, null);
    byte[] other = Bytes.toBytes("somethingelse");
    KeyValue samekey = new KeyValue(bytes, bytes, bytes, other);
    this.memstore.add(samekey, null);
    Cell found = this.memstore.getActive().first();
    assertEquals(1, this.memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    assertTrue(Bytes.toString(found.getValueArray()), CellUtil.matchingValue(samekey, found));
  }

  @Test
  public void testPutSameCell() {
    byte[] bytes = Bytes.toBytes(getName());
    KeyValue kv = new KeyValue(bytes, bytes, bytes, bytes);
    MemStoreSizing sizeChangeForFirstCell = new NonThreadSafeMemStoreSizing();
    this.memstore.add(kv, sizeChangeForFirstCell);
    MemStoreSizing sizeChangeForSecondCell = new NonThreadSafeMemStoreSizing();
    this.memstore.add(kv, sizeChangeForSecondCell);
    // make sure memstore size increase won't double-count MSLAB chunk size
    assertEquals(Segment.getCellLength(kv), sizeChangeForFirstCell.getMemStoreSize().getDataSize());
    Segment segment = this.memstore.getActive();
    MemStoreLAB msLab = segment.getMemStoreLAB();
    if (msLab != null) {
      // make sure memstore size increased even when writing the same cell, if using MSLAB
      assertEquals(Segment.getCellLength(kv),
        sizeChangeForSecondCell.getMemStoreSize().getDataSize());
      // make sure chunk size increased even when writing the same cell, if using MSLAB
      if (msLab instanceof MemStoreLABImpl) {
        // since we add the chunkID at the 0th offset of the chunk and the
        // chunkid is an int we need to account for those 4 bytes
        assertEquals(2 * Segment.getCellLength(kv) + Bytes.SIZEOF_INT,
          ((MemStoreLABImpl) msLab).getCurrentChunk().getNextFreeOffset());
      }
    } else {
      // make sure no memstore size change w/o MSLAB
      assertEquals(0, sizeChangeForSecondCell.getMemStoreSize().getDataSize());
      assertEquals(0, sizeChangeForSecondCell.getMemStoreSize().getHeapSize());
    }
  }

  /**
   * Test memstore snapshot happening while scanning.
   */
  @Test
  public void testScanAcrossSnapshot() throws IOException {
    int rowCount = addRows(this.memstore);
    List<KeyValueScanner> memstorescanners = this.memstore.getScanners(0);
    Scan scan = new Scan();
    List<Cell> result = new ArrayList<>();
    Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
    ScanInfo scanInfo =
      new ScanInfo(conf, null, 0, 1, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP, KeepDeletedCells.FALSE,
        HConstants.DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, 0, this.memstore.getComparator(), false);
    int count = 0;
    try (StoreScanner s = new StoreScanner(scan, scanInfo, null, memstorescanners)) {
      while (s.next(result)) {
        LOG.info(Objects.toString(result));
        count++;
        // Row count is same as column count.
        assertEquals(rowCount, result.size());
        result.clear();
      }
    }
    assertEquals(rowCount, count);
    for (KeyValueScanner scanner : memstorescanners) {
      scanner.close();
    }

    memstorescanners = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint());
    // Now assert can count same number even if a snapshot mid-scan.
    count = 0;
    try (StoreScanner s = new StoreScanner(scan, scanInfo, null, memstorescanners)) {
      while (s.next(result)) {
        LOG.info(Objects.toString(result));
        // Assert the stuff is coming out in right order.
        assertTrue(CellUtil.matchingRows(result.get(0), Bytes.toBytes(count)));
        count++;
        // Row count is same as column count.
        assertEquals(rowCount, result.size());
        if (count == 2) {
          this.memstore.snapshot();
          LOG.info("Snapshotted");
        }
        result.clear();
      }
    }
    assertEquals(rowCount, count);
    for (KeyValueScanner scanner : memstorescanners) {
      scanner.close();
    }
    memstorescanners = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint());
    // Assert that new values are seen in kvset as we scan.
    long ts = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime();
    count = 0;
    int snapshotIndex = 5;
    try (StoreScanner s = new StoreScanner(scan, scanInfo, null, memstorescanners)) {
      while (s.next(result)) {
        LOG.info(Objects.toString(result));
        // Assert the stuff is coming out in right order.
        assertTrue(CellUtil.matchingRows(result.get(0), Bytes.toBytes(count)));
        // Row count is same as column count.
        assertEquals("count=" + count + ", result=" + result, rowCount, result.size());
        count++;
        if (count == snapshotIndex) {
          MemStoreSnapshot snapshot = this.memstore.snapshot();
          this.memstore.clearSnapshot(snapshot.getId());
          // Added more rows into kvset. But the scanner wont see these rows.
          addRows(this.memstore, ts);
          LOG.info("Snapshotted, cleared it and then added values (which wont be seen)");
        }
        result.clear();
      }
    }
    assertEquals(rowCount, count);
  }

  /**
   * A simple test which verifies the 3 possible states when scanning across snapshot.
   */
  @Test
  public void testScanAcrossSnapshot2() throws IOException, CloneNotSupportedException {
    // we are going to the scanning across snapshot with two kvs
    // kv1 should always be returned before kv2
    final byte[] one = Bytes.toBytes(1);
    final byte[] two = Bytes.toBytes(2);
    final byte[] f = Bytes.toBytes("f");
    final byte[] q = Bytes.toBytes("q");
    final byte[] v = Bytes.toBytes(3);

    final KeyValue kv1 = new KeyValue(one, f, q, v);
    final KeyValue kv2 = new KeyValue(two, f, q, v);

    // use case 1: both kvs in kvset
    this.memstore.add(kv1.clone(), null);
    this.memstore.add(kv2.clone(), null);
    // snapshot is empty,active segment is not empty,
    // empty segment is skipped.
    verifyOneScanAcrossSnapshot2(kv1, kv2);

    // use case 2: both kvs in snapshot
    // active segment is empty,snapshot is not empty,
    // empty segment is skipped.
    this.memstore.snapshot();
    //
    verifyOneScanAcrossSnapshot2(kv1, kv2);

    // use case 3: first in snapshot second in kvset
    this.memstore = new DefaultMemStore();
    this.memstore.add(kv1.clone(), null);
    this.memstore.snapshot();
    this.memstore.add(kv2.clone(), null);
    verifyScanAcrossSnapshot2(kv1, kv2);
  }

  protected void verifyScanAcrossSnapshot2(KeyValue kv1, KeyValue kv2) throws IOException {
    List<KeyValueScanner> memstorescanners = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint());
    assertEquals(2, memstorescanners.size());
    final KeyValueScanner scanner0 = memstorescanners.get(0);
    final KeyValueScanner scanner1 = memstorescanners.get(1);
    scanner0.seek(KeyValueUtil.createFirstOnRow(HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW));
    scanner1.seek(KeyValueUtil.createFirstOnRow(HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW));
    Cell n0 = scanner0.next();
    Cell n1 = scanner1.next();
    assertTrue(kv1.equals(n0) || kv1.equals(n1));
    assertTrue(kv2.equals(n0) || kv2.equals(n1) || kv2.equals(scanner0.next())
      || kv2.equals(scanner1.next()));
    assertNull(scanner0.next());
    assertNull(scanner1.next());
  }

  protected void verifyOneScanAcrossSnapshot2(KeyValue kv1, KeyValue kv2) throws IOException {
    List<KeyValueScanner> memstorescanners = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint());
    assertEquals(1, memstorescanners.size());
    final KeyValueScanner scanner0 = memstorescanners.get(0);
    scanner0.seek(KeyValueUtil.createFirstOnRow(HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW));
    Cell n0 = scanner0.next();
    Cell n1 = scanner0.next();
    assertTrue(kv1.equals(n0));
    assertTrue(kv2.equals(n1));
    assertNull(scanner0.next());
  }

  protected void assertScannerResults(KeyValueScanner scanner, KeyValue[] expected)
    throws IOException {
    scanner.seek(KeyValueUtil.createFirstOnRow(new byte[] {}));
    List<Cell> returned = Lists.newArrayList();

    while (true) {
      Cell next = scanner.next();
      if (next == null) break;
      returned.add(next);
    }

    assertTrue(
      "Got:\n" + Joiner.on("\n").join(returned) + "\nExpected:\n" + Joiner.on("\n").join(expected),
      Iterables.elementsEqual(Arrays.asList(expected), returned));
    assertNull(scanner.peek());
  }

  @Test
  public void testMemstoreConcurrentControl() throws IOException {
    final byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes(1);
    final byte[] f = Bytes.toBytes("family");
    final byte[] q1 = Bytes.toBytes("q1");
    final byte[] q2 = Bytes.toBytes("q2");
    final byte[] v = Bytes.toBytes("value");

    MultiVersionConcurrencyControl.WriteEntry w = mvcc.begin();

    KeyValue kv1 = new KeyValue(row, f, q1, v);
    kv1.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv1, null);

    KeyValueScanner s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] {});

    mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

    s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv1 });

    w = mvcc.begin();
    KeyValue kv2 = new KeyValue(row, f, q2, v);
    kv2.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv2, null);

    s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv1 });

    mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

    s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv1, kv2 });
  }

  private long getBytesReadFromMemstore() throws IOException {
    final byte[] f = Bytes.toBytes("family");
    final byte[] q1 = Bytes.toBytes("q1");
    final byte[] v = Bytes.toBytes("value");
    int numKvs = 10;

    MultiVersionConcurrencyControl.WriteEntry w = mvcc.begin();

    KeyValue kv;
    KeyValue[] kvs = new KeyValue[numKvs];
    long totalCellSize = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < numKvs; i++) {
      byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes(i);
      kv = new KeyValue(row, f, q1, v);
      kv.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
      memstore.add(kv, null);
      kvs[i] = kv;
      totalCellSize += Segment.getCellLength(kv);
    }
    mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

    ThreadLocalServerSideScanMetrics.getBytesReadFromMemstoreAndReset();
    KeyValueScanner s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, kvs);
    return totalCellSize;
  }

  @Test
  public void testBytesReadFromMemstore() throws IOException {
    ThreadLocalServerSideScanMetrics.setScanMetricsEnabled(true);
    long totalCellSize = getBytesReadFromMemstore();
    Assert.assertEquals(totalCellSize,
      ThreadLocalServerSideScanMetrics.getBytesReadFromMemstoreAndReset());
  }

  @Test
  public void testBytesReadFromMemstoreWithScanMetricsDisabled() throws IOException {
    ThreadLocalServerSideScanMetrics.setScanMetricsEnabled(false);
    getBytesReadFromMemstore();
    Assert.assertEquals(0, ThreadLocalServerSideScanMetrics.getBytesReadFromMemstoreAndReset());
  }

  /**
   * Regression test for HBASE-2616, HBASE-2670. When we insert a higher-memstoreTS version of a
   * cell but with the same timestamp, we still need to provide consistent reads for the same
   * scanner.
   */
  @Test
  public void testMemstoreEditsVisibilityWithSameKey() throws IOException {
    final byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes(1);
    final byte[] f = Bytes.toBytes("family");
    final byte[] q1 = Bytes.toBytes("q1");
    final byte[] q2 = Bytes.toBytes("q2");
    final byte[] v1 = Bytes.toBytes("value1");
    final byte[] v2 = Bytes.toBytes("value2");

    // INSERT 1: Write both columns val1
    MultiVersionConcurrencyControl.WriteEntry w = mvcc.begin();

    KeyValue kv11 = new KeyValue(row, f, q1, v1);
    kv11.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv11, null);

    KeyValue kv12 = new KeyValue(row, f, q2, v1);
    kv12.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv12, null);
    mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

    // BEFORE STARTING INSERT 2, SEE FIRST KVS
    KeyValueScanner s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv11, kv12 });

    // START INSERT 2: Write both columns val2
    w = mvcc.begin();
    KeyValue kv21 = new KeyValue(row, f, q1, v2);
    kv21.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv21, null);

    KeyValue kv22 = new KeyValue(row, f, q2, v2);
    kv22.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv22, null);

    // BEFORE COMPLETING INSERT 2, SEE FIRST KVS
    s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv11, kv12 });

    // COMPLETE INSERT 2
    mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

    // NOW SHOULD SEE NEW KVS IN ADDITION TO OLD KVS.
    // See HBASE-1485 for discussion about what we should do with
    // the duplicate-TS inserts
    s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv21, kv11, kv22, kv12 });
  }

  /**
   * When we insert a higher-memstoreTS deletion of a cell but with the same timestamp, we still
   * need to provide consistent reads for the same scanner.
   */
  @Test
  public void testMemstoreDeletesVisibilityWithSameKey() throws IOException {
    final byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes(1);
    final byte[] f = Bytes.toBytes("family");
    final byte[] q1 = Bytes.toBytes("q1");
    final byte[] q2 = Bytes.toBytes("q2");
    final byte[] v1 = Bytes.toBytes("value1");
    // INSERT 1: Write both columns val1
    MultiVersionConcurrencyControl.WriteEntry w = mvcc.begin();

    KeyValue kv11 = new KeyValue(row, f, q1, v1);
    kv11.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv11, null);

    KeyValue kv12 = new KeyValue(row, f, q2, v1);
    kv12.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kv12, null);
    mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

    // BEFORE STARTING INSERT 2, SEE FIRST KVS
    KeyValueScanner s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv11, kv12 });

    // START DELETE: Insert delete for one of the columns
    w = mvcc.begin();
    KeyValue kvDel = new KeyValue(row, f, q2, kv11.getTimestamp(), KeyValue.Type.DeleteColumn);
    kvDel.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
    memstore.add(kvDel, null);

    // BEFORE COMPLETING DELETE, SEE FIRST KVS
    s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv11, kv12 });

    // COMPLETE DELETE
    mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

    // NOW WE SHOULD SEE DELETE
    s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
    assertScannerResults(s, new KeyValue[] { kv11, kvDel, kv12 });
  }

  private static class ReadOwnWritesTester extends Thread {
    static final int NUM_TRIES = 1000;

    final byte[] row;

    final byte[] f = Bytes.toBytes("family");
    final byte[] q1 = Bytes.toBytes("q1");

    final MultiVersionConcurrencyControl mvcc;
    final MemStore memstore;

    AtomicReference<Throwable> caughtException;

    public ReadOwnWritesTester(int id, MemStore memstore, MultiVersionConcurrencyControl mvcc,
      AtomicReference<Throwable> caughtException) {
      this.mvcc = mvcc;
      this.memstore = memstore;
      this.caughtException = caughtException;
      row = Bytes.toBytes(id);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
      try {
        internalRun();
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        caughtException.compareAndSet(null, t);
      }
    }

    private void internalRun() throws IOException {
      for (long i = 0; i < NUM_TRIES && caughtException.get() == null; i++) {
        MultiVersionConcurrencyControl.WriteEntry w = mvcc.begin();

        // Insert the sequence value (i)
        byte[] v = Bytes.toBytes(i);

        KeyValue kv = new KeyValue(row, f, q1, i, v);
        kv.setSequenceId(w.getWriteNumber());
        memstore.add(kv, null);
        mvcc.completeAndWait(w);

        // Assert that we can read back
        KeyValueScanner s = this.memstore.getScanners(mvcc.getReadPoint()).get(0);
        s.seek(kv);

        Cell ret = s.next();
        assertNotNull("Didnt find own write at all", ret);
        assertEquals("Didnt read own writes", kv.getTimestamp(), ret.getTimestamp());
      }
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testReadOwnWritesUnderConcurrency() throws Throwable {
    int NUM_THREADS = 8;

    ReadOwnWritesTester threads[] = new ReadOwnWritesTester[NUM_THREADS];
    AtomicReference<Throwable> caught = new AtomicReference<>();

    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
      threads[i] = new ReadOwnWritesTester(i, memstore, mvcc, caught);
      threads[i].start();
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
      threads[i].join();
    }

    if (caught.get() != null) {
      throw caught.get();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Test memstore snapshots
   */
  @Test
  public void testSnapshotting() throws IOException {
    final int snapshotCount = 5;
    // Add some rows, run a snapshot. Do it a few times.
    for (int i = 0; i < snapshotCount; i++) {
      addRows(this.memstore);
      runSnapshot(this.memstore);
      assertEquals("History not being cleared", 0, this.memstore.getSnapshot().getCellsCount());
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testMultipleVersionsSimple() throws Exception {
    DefaultMemStore m = new DefaultMemStore(new Configuration(), CellComparatorImpl.COMPARATOR);
    byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes("testRow");
    byte[] family = Bytes.toBytes("testFamily");
    byte[] qf = Bytes.toBytes("testQualifier");
    long[] stamps = { 1, 2, 3 };
    byte[][] values = { Bytes.toBytes("value0"), Bytes.toBytes("value1"), Bytes.toBytes("value2") };
    KeyValue key0 = new KeyValue(row, family, qf, stamps[0], values[0]);
    KeyValue key1 = new KeyValue(row, family, qf, stamps[1], values[1]);
    KeyValue key2 = new KeyValue(row, family, qf, stamps[2], values[2]);

    m.add(key0, null);
    m.add(key1, null);
    m.add(key2, null);

    assertTrue("Expected memstore to hold 3 values, actually has " + m.getActive().getCellsCount(),
      m.getActive().getCellsCount() == 3);
  }

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Get tests
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  /**
   * Test getNextRow from memstore
   */
  @Test
  public void testGetNextRow() throws Exception {
    addRows(this.memstore);
    // Add more versions to make it a little more interesting.
    Thread.sleep(1);
    addRows(this.memstore);
    Cell closestToEmpty = ((DefaultMemStore) this.memstore).getNextRow(KeyValue.LOWESTKEY);
    assertTrue(CellComparatorImpl.COMPARATOR.compareRows(closestToEmpty,
      new KeyValue(Bytes.toBytes(0), EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime())) == 0);
    for (int i = 0; i < ROW_COUNT; i++) {
      Cell nr = ((DefaultMemStore) this.memstore)
        .getNextRow(new KeyValue(Bytes.toBytes(i), EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime()));
      if (i + 1 == ROW_COUNT) {
        assertNull(nr);
      } else {
        assertTrue(CellComparatorImpl.COMPARATOR.compareRows(nr,
          new KeyValue(Bytes.toBytes(i + 1), EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime())) == 0);
      }
    }
    // starting from each row, validate results should contain the starting row
    Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
    for (int startRowId = 0; startRowId < ROW_COUNT; startRowId++) {
      ScanInfo scanInfo =
        new ScanInfo(conf, FAMILY, 0, 1, Integer.MAX_VALUE, KeepDeletedCells.FALSE,
          HConstants.DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, 0, this.memstore.getComparator(), false);
      try (InternalScanner scanner =
        new StoreScanner(new Scan().withStartRow(Bytes.toBytes(startRowId)), scanInfo, null,
          memstore.getScanners(0))) {
        List<Cell> results = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; scanner.next(results); i++) {
          int rowId = startRowId + i;
          Cell left = results.get(0);
          byte[] row1 = Bytes.toBytes(rowId);
          assertTrue("Row name",
            CellComparatorImpl.COMPARATOR.compareRows(left, row1, 0, row1.length) == 0);
          assertEquals("Count of columns", QUALIFIER_COUNT, results.size());
          List<Cell> row = new ArrayList<>();
          for (Cell kv : results) {
            row.add(kv);
          }
          isExpectedRowWithoutTimestamps(rowId, row);
          // Clear out set. Otherwise row results accumulate.
          results.clear();
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testGet_memstoreAndSnapShot() throws IOException {
    byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes("testrow");
    byte[] fam = Bytes.toBytes("testfamily");
    byte[] qf1 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier1");
    byte[] qf2 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier2");
    byte[] qf3 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier3");
    byte[] qf4 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier4");
    byte[] qf5 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier5");
    byte[] val = Bytes.toBytes("testval");

    // Setting up memstore
    memstore.add(new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, val), null);
    memstore.add(new KeyValue(row, fam, qf2, val), null);
    memstore.add(new KeyValue(row, fam, qf3, val), null);
    // Creating a snapshot
    memstore.snapshot();
    assertEquals(3, memstore.getSnapshot().getCellsCount());
    // Adding value to "new" memstore
    assertEquals(0, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    memstore.add(new KeyValue(row, fam, qf4, val), null);
    memstore.add(new KeyValue(row, fam, qf5, val), null);
    assertEquals(2, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
  }

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Delete tests
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  @Test
  public void testGetWithDelete() throws IOException {
    byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes("testrow");
    byte[] fam = Bytes.toBytes("testfamily");
    byte[] qf1 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier");
    byte[] val = Bytes.toBytes("testval");

    long ts1 = System.nanoTime();
    KeyValue put1 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts1, val);
    long ts2 = ts1 + 1;
    KeyValue put2 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts2, val);
    long ts3 = ts2 + 1;
    KeyValue put3 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts3, val);
    memstore.add(put1, null);
    memstore.add(put2, null);
    memstore.add(put3, null);

    assertEquals(3, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());

    KeyValue del2 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts2, KeyValue.Type.Delete, val);
    memstore.add(del2, null);

    List<Cell> expected = new ArrayList<>();
    expected.add(put3);
    expected.add(del2);
    expected.add(put2);
    expected.add(put1);

    assertEquals(4, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    int i = 0;
    for (Cell cell : memstore.getActive().getCellSet()) {
      assertEquals(expected.get(i++), cell);
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testGetWithDeleteColumn() throws IOException {
    byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes("testrow");
    byte[] fam = Bytes.toBytes("testfamily");
    byte[] qf1 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier");
    byte[] val = Bytes.toBytes("testval");

    long ts1 = System.nanoTime();
    KeyValue put1 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts1, val);
    long ts2 = ts1 + 1;
    KeyValue put2 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts2, val);
    long ts3 = ts2 + 1;
    KeyValue put3 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts3, val);
    memstore.add(put1, null);
    memstore.add(put2, null);
    memstore.add(put3, null);

    assertEquals(3, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());

    KeyValue del2 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts2, KeyValue.Type.DeleteColumn, val);
    memstore.add(del2, null);

    List<Cell> expected = new ArrayList<>();
    expected.add(put3);
    expected.add(del2);
    expected.add(put2);
    expected.add(put1);

    assertEquals(4, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    int i = 0;
    for (Cell cell : memstore.getActive().getCellSet()) {
      assertEquals(expected.get(i++), cell);
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testGetWithDeleteFamily() throws IOException {
    byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes("testrow");
    byte[] fam = Bytes.toBytes("testfamily");
    byte[] qf1 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier1");
    byte[] qf2 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier2");
    byte[] qf3 = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier3");
    byte[] val = Bytes.toBytes("testval");
    long ts = System.nanoTime();

    KeyValue put1 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf1, ts, val);
    KeyValue put2 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf2, ts, val);
    KeyValue put3 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf3, ts, val);
    KeyValue put4 = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf3, ts + 1, val);

    memstore.add(put1, null);
    memstore.add(put2, null);
    memstore.add(put3, null);
    memstore.add(put4, null);

    KeyValue del = new KeyValue(row, fam, null, ts, KeyValue.Type.DeleteFamily, val);
    memstore.add(del, null);

    List<Cell> expected = new ArrayList<>();
    expected.add(del);
    expected.add(put1);
    expected.add(put2);
    expected.add(put4);
    expected.add(put3);

    assertEquals(5, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    int i = 0;
    for (Cell cell : memstore.getActive().getCellSet()) {
      assertEquals(expected.get(i++), cell);
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testKeepDeleteInmemstore() {
    byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes("testrow");
    byte[] fam = Bytes.toBytes("testfamily");
    byte[] qf = Bytes.toBytes("testqualifier");
    byte[] val = Bytes.toBytes("testval");
    long ts = System.nanoTime();
    memstore.add(new KeyValue(row, fam, qf, ts, val), null);
    KeyValue delete = new KeyValue(row, fam, qf, ts, KeyValue.Type.Delete, val);
    memstore.add(delete, null);
    assertEquals(2, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    assertEquals(delete, memstore.getActive().first());
  }

  @Test
  public void testRetainsDeleteVersion() throws IOException {
    // add a put to memstore
    memstore.add(KeyValueTestUtil.create("row1", "fam", "a", 100, "dont-care"), null);

    // now process a specific delete:
    KeyValue delete =
      KeyValueTestUtil.create("row1", "fam", "a", 100, KeyValue.Type.Delete, "dont-care");
    memstore.add(delete, null);

    assertEquals(2, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    assertEquals(delete, memstore.getActive().first());
  }

  @Test
  public void testRetainsDeleteColumn() throws IOException {
    // add a put to memstore
    memstore.add(KeyValueTestUtil.create("row1", "fam", "a", 100, "dont-care"), null);

    // now process a specific delete:
    KeyValue delete =
      KeyValueTestUtil.create("row1", "fam", "a", 100, KeyValue.Type.DeleteColumn, "dont-care");
    memstore.add(delete, null);

    assertEquals(2, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    assertEquals(delete, memstore.getActive().first());
  }

  @Test
  public void testRetainsDeleteFamily() throws IOException {
    // add a put to memstore
    memstore.add(KeyValueTestUtil.create("row1", "fam", "a", 100, "dont-care"), null);

    // now process a specific delete:
    KeyValue delete =
      KeyValueTestUtil.create("row1", "fam", "a", 100, KeyValue.Type.DeleteFamily, "dont-care");
    memstore.add(delete, null);

    assertEquals(2, memstore.getActive().getCellsCount());
    assertEquals(delete, memstore.getActive().first());
  }

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Helpers
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  private static byte[] makeQualifier(final int i1, final int i2) {
    return Bytes.toBytes(Integer.toString(i1) + ";" + Integer.toString(i2));
  }

  /**
   * Add keyvalues with a fixed memstoreTs, and checks that memstore size is decreased as older
   * keyvalues are deleted from the memstore.
   */
  @Test
  public void testUpsertMemstoreSize() throws Exception {
    Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
    memstore = new DefaultMemStore(conf, CellComparatorImpl.COMPARATOR);
    MemStoreSize oldSize = memstore.size();

    List<ExtendedCell> l = new ArrayList<>();
    KeyValue kv1 = KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", "f", "q", 100, "v");
    KeyValue kv2 = KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", "f", "q", 101, "v");
    KeyValue kv3 = KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", "f", "q", 102, "v");

    kv1.setSequenceId(1);
    kv2.setSequenceId(1);
    kv3.setSequenceId(1);
    l.add(kv1);
    l.add(kv2);
    l.add(kv3);

    this.memstore.upsert(l, 2, null);// readpoint is 2
    MemStoreSize newSize = this.memstore.size();
    assert (newSize.getDataSize() > oldSize.getDataSize());
    // The kv1 should be removed.
    assert (memstore.getActive().getCellsCount() == 2);

    KeyValue kv4 = KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", "f", "q", 104, "v");
    kv4.setSequenceId(1);
    l.clear();
    l.add(kv4);
    this.memstore.upsert(l, 3, null);
    assertEquals(newSize, this.memstore.size());
    // The kv2 should be removed.
    assert (memstore.getActive().getCellsCount() == 2);
    // this.memstore = null;
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////
  // Test for periodic memstore flushes
  // based on time of oldest edit
  ////////////////////////////////////

  /**
   * Tests that the timeOfOldestEdit is updated correctly for the various edit operations in
   * memstore.
   */
  @Test
  public void testUpdateToTimeOfOldestEdit() throws Exception {
    try {
      EnvironmentEdgeForMemstoreTest edge = new EnvironmentEdgeForMemstoreTest();
      EnvironmentEdgeManager.injectEdge(edge);
      DefaultMemStore memstore = new DefaultMemStore();
      long t = memstore.timeOfOldestEdit();
      assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, t);

      // test the case that the timeOfOldestEdit is updated after a KV add
      memstore.add(KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", "f", "q", 100, "v"), null);
      t = memstore.timeOfOldestEdit();
      assertTrue(t == 1234);
      // snapshot() will reset timeOfOldestEdit. The method will also assert the
      // value is reset to Long.MAX_VALUE
      t = runSnapshot(memstore);

      // test the case that the timeOfOldestEdit is updated after a KV delete
      memstore.add(KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", "f", "q", 100, KeyValue.Type.Delete, "v"), null);
      t = memstore.timeOfOldestEdit();
      assertTrue(t == 1234);
      t = runSnapshot(memstore);

      // test the case that the timeOfOldestEdit is updated after a KV upsert
      List<ExtendedCell> l = new ArrayList<>();
      KeyValue kv1 = KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", "f", "q", 100, "v");
      kv1.setSequenceId(100);
      l.add(kv1);
      memstore.upsert(l, 1000, null);
      t = memstore.timeOfOldestEdit();
      assertTrue(t == 1234);
    } finally {
      EnvironmentEdgeManager.reset();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Tests the HRegion.shouldFlush method - adds an edit in the memstore and checks that shouldFlush
   * returns true, and another where it disables the periodic flush functionality and tests whether
   * shouldFlush returns false.
   */
  @Test
  public void testShouldFlush() throws Exception {
    Configuration conf = new Configuration();
    conf.setInt(HRegion.MEMSTORE_PERIODIC_FLUSH_INTERVAL, 1000);
    checkShouldFlush(conf, true);
    // test disable flush
    conf.setInt(HRegion.MEMSTORE_PERIODIC_FLUSH_INTERVAL, 0);
    checkShouldFlush(conf, false);
  }

  protected void checkShouldFlush(Configuration conf, boolean expected) throws Exception {
    try {
      EnvironmentEdgeForMemstoreTest edge = new EnvironmentEdgeForMemstoreTest();
      EnvironmentEdgeManager.injectEdge(edge);
      HBaseTestingUtil hbaseUtility = new HBaseTestingUtil(conf);
      String cf = "foo";
      HRegion region =
        hbaseUtility.createTestRegion("foobar", ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.of(cf));

      edge.setCurrentTimeMillis(1234);
      Put p = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("r"));
      p.add(KeyValueTestUtil.create("r", cf, "q", 100, "v"));
      region.put(p);
      edge.setCurrentTimeMillis(1234 + 100);
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      assertTrue(!region.shouldFlush(sb));
      edge.setCurrentTimeMillis(1234 + 10000);
      assertTrue(region.shouldFlush(sb) == expected);
    } finally {
      EnvironmentEdgeManager.reset();
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testShouldFlushMeta() throws Exception {
    // write an edit in the META and ensure the shouldFlush (that the periodic memstore
    // flusher invokes) returns true after SYSTEM_CACHE_FLUSH_INTERVAL (even though
    // the MEMSTORE_PERIODIC_FLUSH_INTERVAL is set to a higher value)
    Configuration conf = new Configuration();
    conf.setInt(HRegion.MEMSTORE_PERIODIC_FLUSH_INTERVAL, HRegion.SYSTEM_CACHE_FLUSH_INTERVAL * 10);
    HBaseTestingUtil hbaseUtility = new HBaseTestingUtil(conf);
    Path testDir = hbaseUtility.getDataTestDir();
    EnvironmentEdgeForMemstoreTest edge = new EnvironmentEdgeForMemstoreTest();
    EnvironmentEdgeManager.injectEdge(edge);
    edge.setCurrentTimeMillis(1234);
    WALFactory wFactory = new WALFactory(conf, "1234");
    TableDescriptors tds = new FSTableDescriptors(conf);
    FSTableDescriptors.tryUpdateMetaTableDescriptor(conf);
    HRegion meta = HRegion.createHRegion(RegionInfoBuilder.FIRST_META_REGIONINFO, testDir, conf,
      tds.get(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME), wFactory.getWAL(RegionInfoBuilder.FIRST_META_REGIONINFO));
    // parameterized tests add [#] suffix get rid of [ and ].
    TableDescriptor desc = TableDescriptorBuilder
      .newBuilder(TableName.valueOf(name.getMethodName().replaceAll("[\\[\\]]", "_")))
      .setColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.of("foo")).build();
    RegionInfo hri = RegionInfoBuilder.newBuilder(desc.getTableName())
      .setStartKey(Bytes.toBytes("row_0200")).setEndKey(Bytes.toBytes("row_0300")).build();
    HRegion r = HRegion.createHRegion(hri, testDir, conf, desc, wFactory.getWAL(hri));
    addRegionToMETA(meta, r);
    edge.setCurrentTimeMillis(1234 + 100);
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    assertTrue(meta.shouldFlush(sb) == false);
    edge.setCurrentTimeMillis(edge.currentTime() + HRegion.SYSTEM_CACHE_FLUSH_INTERVAL + 1);
    assertTrue(meta.shouldFlush(sb) == true);
  }

  /**
   * Inserts a new region's meta information into the passed <code>meta</code> region.
   * @param meta hbase:meta HRegion to be updated
   * @param r    HRegion to add to <code>meta</code>
   */
  private static void addRegionToMETA(final HRegion meta, final HRegion r) throws IOException {
    // The row key is the region name
    byte[] row = r.getRegionInfo().getRegionName();
    final long now = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime();
    final List<Cell> cells = new ArrayList<>(2);
    cells.add(new KeyValue(row, HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY, HConstants.REGIONINFO_QUALIFIER, now,
      RegionInfo.toByteArray(r.getRegionInfo())));
    // Set into the root table the version of the meta table.
    cells.add(new KeyValue(row, HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY, HConstants.META_VERSION_QUALIFIER, now,
      Bytes.toBytes(HConstants.META_VERSION)));
    NavigableMap<byte[], List<Cell>> familyMap = new TreeMap<>(Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR);
    familyMap.put(HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY, cells);
    meta.put(new Put(row, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP, familyMap));
  }

  private class EnvironmentEdgeForMemstoreTest implements EnvironmentEdge {
    long t = 1234;

    @Override
    public long currentTime() {
      return t;
    }

    public void setCurrentTimeMillis(long t) {
      this.t = t;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Adds {@link #ROW_COUNT} rows and {@link #QUALIFIER_COUNT}
   * @param hmc Instance to add rows to.
   * @return How many rows we added.
   */
  protected int addRows(final AbstractMemStore hmc) {
    return addRows(hmc, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP);
  }

  /**
   * Adds {@link #ROW_COUNT} rows and {@link #QUALIFIER_COUNT}
   * @param hmc Instance to add rows to.
   * @return How many rows we added.
   */
  protected int addRows(final MemStore hmc, final long ts) {
    for (int i = 0; i < ROW_COUNT; i++) {
      long timestamp =
        ts == HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP ? EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime() : ts;
      for (int ii = 0; ii < QUALIFIER_COUNT; ii++) {
        byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes(i);
        byte[] qf = makeQualifier(i, ii);
        hmc.add(new KeyValue(row, FAMILY, qf, timestamp, qf), null);
      }
    }
    return ROW_COUNT;
  }

  private long runSnapshot(final AbstractMemStore hmc) throws UnexpectedStateException {
    // Save off old state.
    int oldHistorySize = hmc.getSnapshot().getCellsCount();
    MemStoreSnapshot snapshot = hmc.snapshot();
    // Make some assertions about what just happened.
    assertTrue("History size has not increased",
      oldHistorySize < hmc.getSnapshot().getCellsCount());
    long t = memstore.timeOfOldestEdit();
    assertTrue("Time of oldest edit is not Long.MAX_VALUE", t == Long.MAX_VALUE);
    hmc.clearSnapshot(snapshot.getId());
    return t;
  }

  private void isExpectedRowWithoutTimestamps(final int rowIndex, List<Cell> kvs) {
    int i = 0;
    for (Cell kv : kvs) {
      byte[] expectedColname = makeQualifier(rowIndex, i++);
      assertTrue("Column name", CellUtil.matchingQualifier(kv, expectedColname));
      // Value is column name as bytes. Usually result is
      // 100 bytes in size at least. This is the default size
      // for BytesWriteable. For comparison, convert bytes to
      // String and trim to remove trailing null bytes.
      assertTrue("Content", CellUtil.matchingValue(kv, expectedColname));
    }
  }

  private static void addRows(int count, final MemStore mem) {
    long nanos = System.nanoTime();

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      if (i % 1000 == 0) {

        System.out.println(i + " Took for 1k usec: " + (System.nanoTime() - nanos) / 1000);
        nanos = System.nanoTime();
      }
      long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

      for (int ii = 0; ii < QUALIFIER_COUNT; ii++) {
        byte[] row = Bytes.toBytes(i);
        byte[] qf = makeQualifier(i, ii);
        mem.add(new KeyValue(row, FAMILY, qf, timestamp, qf), null);
      }
    }
  }

  static void doScan(MemStore ms, int iteration) throws IOException {
    long nanos = System.nanoTime();
    KeyValueScanner s = ms.getScanners(0).get(0);
    s.seek(KeyValueUtil.createFirstOnRow(new byte[] {}));

    System.out.println(iteration + " create/seek took: " + (System.nanoTime() - nanos) / 1000);
    int cnt = 0;
    while (s.next() != null)
      ++cnt;

    System.out
      .println(iteration + " took usec: " + (System.nanoTime() - nanos) / 1000 + " for: " + cnt);

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    MemStore ms = new DefaultMemStore();

    long n1 = System.nanoTime();
    addRows(25000, ms);
    System.out.println("Took for insert: " + (System.nanoTime() - n1) / 1000);

    System.out.println("foo");

    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
      doScan(ms, i);
  }
}