/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client;

import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants.DEFAULT_USE_META_REPLICAS;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants.USE_META_REPLICAS;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName.META_TABLE_NAME;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionUtils.NO_NONCE_GENERATOR;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionUtils.getStubKey;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionUtils.retries2Attempts;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.MetricsConnection.CLIENT_SIDE_METRICS_ENABLED_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RegionLocator.LOCATOR_META_REPLICAS_MODE;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.ConcurrentMapUtils.computeIfAbsent;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.ConcurrentMapUtils.computeIfAbsentEx;

import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.Nullable;
import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;
import io.opentelemetry.context.Scope;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.AuthUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CatalogReplicaMode;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ChoreService;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.DoNotRetryIOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseServerException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HRegionLocation;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MetaTableAccessor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.RegionLocations;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotEnabledException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan.ReadType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.backoff.ClientBackoffPolicy;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.backoff.ClientBackoffPolicyFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.trace.TableOperationSpanBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.ClientExceptionsUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.ConnectionClosedException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.RegionMovedException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcClient;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcClientFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcControllerFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.log.HBaseMarkers;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.RegionServerStoppedException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.User;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.trace.HBaseSemanticAttributes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.trace.TraceUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.ExceptionUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Threads;
import org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
import org.apache.yetus.audience.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.base.Throwables;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.protobuf.BlockingRpcChannel;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.protobuf.RpcController;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.protobuf.ServiceException;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.RequestConverter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.AccessControlProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.AccessControlProtos.GetUserPermissionsRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.AccessControlProtos.GetUserPermissionsResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.AccessControlProtos.HasUserPermissionsRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.AccessControlProtos.HasUserPermissionsResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.AdminProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos.ClientService.BlockingInterface;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.HBaseProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.DecommissionRegionServersRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.DecommissionRegionServersResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.FlushMasterStoreRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.FlushMasterStoreResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.IsBalancerEnabledRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.IsBalancerEnabledResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.IsNormalizerEnabledRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.IsNormalizerEnabledResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.IsRpcThrottleEnabledRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.IsRpcThrottleEnabledResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.ListDecommissionedRegionServersRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.ListDecommissionedRegionServersResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.ModifyColumnStoreFileTrackerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.ModifyColumnStoreFileTrackerResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.ModifyTableStoreFileTrackerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.ModifyTableStoreFileTrackerResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.NormalizeRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.NormalizeResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.RecommissionRegionServerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.RecommissionRegionServerResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SecurityCapabilitiesRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SecurityCapabilitiesResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SetNormalizerRunningRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SetNormalizerRunningResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SwitchExceedThrottleQuotaRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SwitchExceedThrottleQuotaResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SwitchRpcThrottleRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos.SwitchRpcThrottleResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.QuotaProtos.GetQuotaStatesRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.QuotaProtos.GetQuotaStatesResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.QuotaProtos.GetSpaceQuotaRegionSizesRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.QuotaProtos.GetSpaceQuotaRegionSizesResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.AddReplicationPeerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.AddReplicationPeerResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.DisableReplicationPeerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.DisableReplicationPeerResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.EnableReplicationPeerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.EnableReplicationPeerResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.GetReplicationPeerConfigRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.GetReplicationPeerConfigResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.ListReplicationPeersRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.ListReplicationPeersResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.RemoveReplicationPeerRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.RemoveReplicationPeerResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.UpdateReplicationPeerConfigRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.ReplicationProtos.UpdateReplicationPeerConfigResponse;

/**
 * Main implementation of {@link Connection} and {@link ClusterConnection} interfaces. Encapsulates
 * connection to zookeeper and regionservers.
 */
@edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressWarnings(
    value = "AT_OPERATION_SEQUENCE_ON_CONCURRENT_ABSTRACTION",
    justification = "Access to the conncurrent hash map is under a lock so should be fine.")
@InterfaceAudience.Private
public class ConnectionImplementation implements ClusterConnection, Closeable {
  public static final String RETRIES_BY_SERVER_KEY = "hbase.client.retries.by.server";
  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConnectionImplementation.class);

  // The mode tells if HedgedRead, LoadBalance mode is supported.
  // The default mode is CatalogReplicaMode.None.
  private CatalogReplicaMode metaReplicaMode;
  private CatalogReplicaLoadBalanceSelector metaReplicaSelector;

  private final int metaReplicaCallTimeoutScanInMicroSecond;
  private final int numTries;
  final int rpcTimeout;

  /**
   * Global nonceGenerator shared per client. Currently there's no reason to limit its scope. Once
   * it's set under nonceGeneratorCreateLock, it is never unset or changed.
   */
  // XXX: It is a bad pattern to assign a value to a static field from a constructor. However
  // it would likely change semantics if we change it because the NonceGenerator is selected
  // from configuration passed in as a parameter of the constructor. This has been cleaned up
  // in later branches.
  private static volatile NonceGenerator nonceGenerator = null;
  /** The nonce generator lock. Only taken when creating Connection, which gets a private copy. */
  private static final Object nonceGeneratorCreateLock = new Object();

  private final AsyncProcess asyncProcess;
  // single tracker per connection
  private final ServerStatisticTracker stats;

  private volatile boolean closed;
  private volatile boolean aborted;

  // package protected for the tests
  ClusterStatusListener clusterStatusListener;

  private final Object metaRegionLock = new Object();

  private final Object masterLock = new Object();

  // thread executor shared by all Table instances created
  // by this connection
  private volatile ThreadPoolExecutor batchPool = null;
  // meta thread executor shared by all Table instances created
  // by this connection
  private volatile ThreadPoolExecutor metaLookupPool = null;
  private volatile boolean cleanupPool = false;

  private final Configuration conf;

  // cache the configuration value for tables so that we can avoid calling
  // the expensive Configuration to fetch the value multiple times.
  private final ConnectionConfiguration connectionConfig;

  // Client rpc instance.
  private final RpcClient rpcClient;

  private final MetaCache metaCache;
  private final MetricsConnection metrics;

  protected User user;

  private final RpcRetryingCallerFactory rpcCallerFactory;

  private final RpcControllerFactory rpcControllerFactory;

  private final RetryingCallerInterceptor interceptor;

  /**
   * Cluster registry of basic info such as clusterid and meta region location.
   */
  private final ConnectionRegistry registry;

  private final ClientBackoffPolicy backoffPolicy;

  /**
   * Allow setting an alternate BufferedMutator implementation via config. If null, use default.
   */
  private final String alternateBufferedMutatorClassName;

  /** lock guards against multiple threads trying to query the meta region at the same time */
  private final ReentrantLock userRegionLock = new ReentrantLock();

  private ChoreService choreService;

  /**
   * constructor
   * @param conf Configuration object
   */
  ConnectionImplementation(Configuration conf, ExecutorService pool, User user) throws IOException {
    this(conf, pool, user, null);
  }

  /**
   * Constructor, for creating cluster connection with provided ConnectionRegistry.
   */
  ConnectionImplementation(Configuration conf, ExecutorService pool, User user,
    ConnectionRegistry registry) throws IOException {
    this.conf = conf;
    this.user = user;
    if (user != null && user.isLoginFromKeytab()) {
      spawnRenewalChore(user.getUGI());
    }
    this.batchPool = (ThreadPoolExecutor) pool;
    this.connectionConfig = new ConnectionConfiguration(conf);
    this.closed = false;
    this.metaReplicaCallTimeoutScanInMicroSecond =
      connectionConfig.getMetaReplicaCallTimeoutMicroSecondScan();

    // how many times to try, one more than max *retry* time
    this.numTries = retries2Attempts(connectionConfig.getRetriesNumber());
    this.rpcTimeout =
      conf.getInt(HConstants.HBASE_RPC_TIMEOUT_KEY, HConstants.DEFAULT_HBASE_RPC_TIMEOUT);
    if (conf.getBoolean(NonceGenerator.CLIENT_NONCES_ENABLED_KEY, true)) {
      synchronized (nonceGeneratorCreateLock) {
        if (nonceGenerator == null) {
          nonceGenerator = PerClientRandomNonceGenerator.get();
        }
      }
    } else {
      nonceGenerator = NO_NONCE_GENERATOR;
    }

    this.stats = ServerStatisticTracker.create(conf);
    this.interceptor = new RetryingCallerInterceptorFactory(conf).build();
    this.rpcControllerFactory = RpcControllerFactory.instantiate(conf);
    this.rpcCallerFactory = RpcRetryingCallerFactory.instantiate(conf, interceptor, this.stats);
    this.backoffPolicy = ClientBackoffPolicyFactory.create(conf);
    this.asyncProcess = new AsyncProcess(this, conf, rpcCallerFactory, rpcControllerFactory);

    boolean shouldListen =
      conf.getBoolean(HConstants.STATUS_PUBLISHED, HConstants.STATUS_PUBLISHED_DEFAULT);
    Class<? extends ClusterStatusListener.Listener> listenerClass =
      conf.getClass(ClusterStatusListener.STATUS_LISTENER_CLASS,
        ClusterStatusListener.DEFAULT_STATUS_LISTENER_CLASS, ClusterStatusListener.Listener.class);

    // Is there an alternate BufferedMutator to use?
    this.alternateBufferedMutatorClassName = this.conf.get(BufferedMutator.CLASSNAME_KEY);

    try {
      if (registry == null) {
        this.registry = ConnectionRegistryFactory.getRegistry(conf);
      } else {
        this.registry = registry;
      }
      retrieveClusterId();

      if (conf.getBoolean(CLIENT_SIDE_METRICS_ENABLED_KEY, false)) {
        String scope = MetricsConnection.getScope(conf, clusterId, this);
        this.metrics = new MetricsConnection(scope, this::getBatchPool, this::getMetaLookupPool);
      } else {
        this.metrics = null;
      }
      this.metaCache = new MetaCache(this.metrics);

      this.rpcClient = RpcClientFactory.createClient(this.conf, this.clusterId, this.metrics);

      // Do we publish the status?
      if (shouldListen) {
        if (listenerClass == null) {
          LOG.warn(HConstants.STATUS_PUBLISHED + " is true, but "
            + ClusterStatusListener.STATUS_LISTENER_CLASS + " is not set - not listening status");
        } else {
          clusterStatusListener =
            new ClusterStatusListener(new ClusterStatusListener.DeadServerHandler() {
              @Override
              public void newDead(ServerName sn) {
                clearCaches(sn);
                rpcClient.cancelConnections(sn);
              }
            }, conf, listenerClass);
        }
      }
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      // avoid leaks: registry, rpcClient, ...
      LOG.debug("connection construction failed", e);
      close();
      throw e;
    }

    // Get the region locator's meta replica mode.
    this.metaReplicaMode = CatalogReplicaMode
      .fromString(conf.get(LOCATOR_META_REPLICAS_MODE, CatalogReplicaMode.NONE.toString()));

    switch (this.metaReplicaMode) {
      case LOAD_BALANCE:
        String replicaSelectorClass =
          conf.get(RegionLocator.LOCATOR_META_REPLICAS_MODE_LOADBALANCE_SELECTOR,
            CatalogReplicaLoadBalanceSimpleSelector.class.getName());

        this.metaReplicaSelector = CatalogReplicaLoadBalanceSelectorFactory
          .createSelector(replicaSelectorClass, META_TABLE_NAME, getChoreService(), () -> {
            int numOfReplicas = 1;
            try {
              RegionLocations metaLocations = this.registry.getMetaRegionLocations()
                .get(connectionConfig.getReadRpcTimeout(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
              numOfReplicas = metaLocations.size();
            } catch (Exception e) {
              LOG.error("Failed to get table {}'s region replication, ", META_TABLE_NAME, e);
            }
            return numOfReplicas;
          });
        break;
      case NONE:
        // If user does not configure LOCATOR_META_REPLICAS_MODE, let's check the legacy config.

        boolean useMetaReplicas = conf.getBoolean(USE_META_REPLICAS, DEFAULT_USE_META_REPLICAS);
        if (useMetaReplicas) {
          this.metaReplicaMode = CatalogReplicaMode.HEDGED_READ;
        }
        break;
      default:
        // Doing nothing
    }
  }

  private void spawnRenewalChore(final UserGroupInformation user) {
    ChoreService service = getChoreService();
    service.scheduleChore(AuthUtil.getAuthRenewalChore(user, conf));
  }

  /**
   * @param conn The connection for which to replace the generator.
   * @param cnm  Replaces the nonce generator used, for testing.
   * @return old nonce generator.
   */
  static NonceGenerator injectNonceGeneratorForTesting(ClusterConnection conn, NonceGenerator cnm) {
    ConnectionImplementation connImpl = (ConnectionImplementation) conn;
    NonceGenerator ng = connImpl.getNonceGenerator();
    LOG.warn("Nonce generator is being replaced by test code for " + cnm.getClass().getName());
    nonceGenerator = cnm;
    return ng;
  }

  @Override
  public Table getTable(TableName tableName) throws IOException {
    return getTable(tableName, getBatchPool());
  }

  @Override
  public TableBuilder getTableBuilder(TableName tableName, ExecutorService pool) {
    return new TableBuilderBase(tableName, connectionConfig) {

      @Override
      public Table build() {
        return new HTable(ConnectionImplementation.this, this, rpcCallerFactory,
          rpcControllerFactory, pool);
      }
    };
  }

  @Override
  public BufferedMutator getBufferedMutator(BufferedMutatorParams params) {
    if (params.getTableName() == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("TableName cannot be null.");
    }
    if (params.getWriteBufferSize() == BufferedMutatorParams.UNSET) {
      params.writeBufferSize(connectionConfig.getWriteBufferSize());
    }
    if (params.getWriteBufferPeriodicFlushTimeoutMs() == BufferedMutatorParams.UNSET) {
      params.setWriteBufferPeriodicFlushTimeoutMs(
        connectionConfig.getWriteBufferPeriodicFlushTimeoutMs());
    }
    if (params.getWriteBufferPeriodicFlushTimerTickMs() == BufferedMutatorParams.UNSET) {
      params.setWriteBufferPeriodicFlushTimerTickMs(
        connectionConfig.getWriteBufferPeriodicFlushTimerTickMs());
    }
    if (params.getMaxKeyValueSize() == BufferedMutatorParams.UNSET) {
      params.maxKeyValueSize(connectionConfig.getMaxKeyValueSize());
    }
    // Look to see if an alternate BufferedMutation implementation is wanted.
    // Look in params and in config. If null, use default.
    String implementationClassName = params.getImplementationClassName();
    if (implementationClassName == null) {
      implementationClassName = this.alternateBufferedMutatorClassName;
    }
    if (implementationClassName == null) {
      return new BufferedMutatorImpl(this, rpcCallerFactory, rpcControllerFactory, params);
    }
    try {
      return (BufferedMutator) ReflectionUtils.newInstance(Class.forName(implementationClassName),
        this, rpcCallerFactory, rpcControllerFactory, params);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public BufferedMutator getBufferedMutator(TableName tableName) {
    return getBufferedMutator(new BufferedMutatorParams(tableName));
  }

  @Override
  public RegionLocator getRegionLocator(TableName tableName) throws IOException {
    return new HRegionLocator(tableName, this);
  }

  @Override
  public Admin getAdmin() throws IOException {
    return new HBaseAdmin(this);
  }

  @Override
  public Hbck getHbck() throws IOException {
    return TraceUtil.trace(() -> getHbck(get(registry.getActiveMaster())),
      () -> TraceUtil.createSpan(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + ".getHbck"));
  }

  @Override
  public Hbck getHbck(ServerName masterServer) throws IOException {
    return TraceUtil.trace(() -> {
      checkClosed();
      if (isDeadServer(masterServer)) {
        throw new RegionServerStoppedException(masterServer + " is dead.");
      }
      String key =
        getStubKey(MasterProtos.HbckService.BlockingInterface.class.getName(), masterServer);

      return new HBaseHbck(
        (MasterProtos.HbckService.BlockingInterface) computeIfAbsentEx(stubs, key, () -> {
          BlockingRpcChannel channel =
            this.rpcClient.createBlockingRpcChannel(masterServer, user, rpcTimeout);
          return MasterProtos.HbckService.newBlockingStub(channel);
        }), rpcControllerFactory);
    }, () -> TraceUtil.createSpan(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + ".getHbck")
      .setAttribute(HBaseSemanticAttributes.SERVER_NAME_KEY, masterServer.getServerName()));
  }

  @Override
  public MetricsConnection getConnectionMetrics() {
    return this.metrics;
  }

  @Override
  public User getUser() {
    return user;
  }

  @Override
  public ConnectionRegistry getConnectionRegistry() {
    return registry;
  }

  private ThreadPoolExecutor getBatchPool() {
    if (batchPool == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (batchPool == null) {
          int threads = conf.getInt("hbase.hconnection.threads.max", 256);
          this.batchPool = getThreadPool(threads, threads, "-shared", null);
          this.cleanupPool = true;
        }
      }
    }
    return this.batchPool;
  }

  private ThreadPoolExecutor getThreadPool(int maxThreads, int coreThreads, String nameHint,
    BlockingQueue<Runnable> passedWorkQueue) {
    // shared HTable thread executor not yet initialized
    if (maxThreads == 0) {
      maxThreads = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 8;
    }
    if (coreThreads == 0) {
      coreThreads = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 8;
    }
    long keepAliveTime = conf.getLong("hbase.hconnection.threads.keepalivetime", 60);
    BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = passedWorkQueue;
    if (workQueue == null) {
      workQueue =
        new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(maxThreads * conf.getInt(HConstants.HBASE_CLIENT_MAX_TOTAL_TASKS,
          HConstants.DEFAULT_HBASE_CLIENT_MAX_TOTAL_TASKS));
      coreThreads = maxThreads;
    }
    ThreadPoolExecutor tpe =
      new ThreadPoolExecutor(coreThreads, maxThreads, keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, workQueue,
        new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat(toString() + nameHint + "-pool-%d")
          .setUncaughtExceptionHandler(Threads.LOGGING_EXCEPTION_HANDLER).build());
    tpe.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
    return tpe;
  }

  private ThreadPoolExecutor getMetaLookupPool() {
    if (this.metaLookupPool == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (this.metaLookupPool == null) {
          // Some of the threads would be used for meta replicas
          // To start with, threads.max.core threads can hit the meta (including replicas).
          // After that, requests will get queued up in the passed queue, and only after
          // the queue is full, a new thread will be started
          int threads = conf.getInt("hbase.hconnection.meta.lookup.threads.max", 128);
          this.metaLookupPool =
            getThreadPool(threads, threads, "-metaLookup-shared-", new LinkedBlockingQueue<>());
        }
      }
    }
    return this.metaLookupPool;
  }

  protected ExecutorService getCurrentMetaLookupPool() {
    return metaLookupPool;
  }

  protected ExecutorService getCurrentBatchPool() {
    return batchPool;
  }

  private void shutdownPools() {
    if (this.cleanupPool && this.batchPool != null && !this.batchPool.isShutdown()) {
      shutdownBatchPool(this.batchPool);
    }
    if (this.metaLookupPool != null && !this.metaLookupPool.isShutdown()) {
      shutdownBatchPool(this.metaLookupPool);
    }
  }

  private void shutdownBatchPool(ExecutorService pool) {
    pool.shutdown();
    try {
      if (!pool.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
        pool.shutdownNow();
      }
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      pool.shutdownNow();
    }
  }

  /**
   * For tests only.
   */
  RpcClient getRpcClient() {
    return rpcClient;
  }

  /**
   * An identifier that will remain the same for a given connection.
   */
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "hconnection-0x" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
  }

  protected String clusterId = null;

  protected void retrieveClusterId() {
    if (clusterId != null) {
      return;
    }
    try {
      this.clusterId = this.registry.getClusterId().get();
    } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
      LOG.warn("Retrieve cluster id failed", e);
    }
    if (clusterId == null) {
      clusterId = HConstants.CLUSTER_ID_DEFAULT;
      LOG.debug("clusterid came back null, using default " + clusterId);
    }
  }

  /**
   * If choreService has not been created yet, create the ChoreService. n
   */
  synchronized ChoreService getChoreService() {
    if (choreService == null) {
      choreService = new ChoreService("AsyncConn Chore Service");
    }
    return choreService;
  }

  @Override
  public Configuration getConfiguration() {
    return this.conf;
  }

  private void checkClosed() throws LocalConnectionClosedException {
    if (this.closed) {
      throw new LocalConnectionClosedException(toString() + " closed");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Like {@link ConnectionClosedException} but thrown from the checkClosed call which looks at the
   * local this.closed flag. We use this rather than {@link ConnectionClosedException} because the
   * latter does not inherit from DoNotRetryIOE (it should. TODO).
   */
  private static class LocalConnectionClosedException extends DoNotRetryIOException {
    LocalConnectionClosedException(String message) {
      super(message);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @return true if the master is running, throws an exception otherwise
   * @throws org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException - if the master is not running
   * @deprecated this has been deprecated without a replacement
   */
  @Deprecated
  @Override
  public boolean isMasterRunning() throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException {
    // When getting the master connection, we check it's running,
    // so if there is no exception, it means we've been able to get a
    // connection on a running master
    MasterKeepAliveConnection m;
    try {
      m = getKeepAliveMasterService();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new MasterNotRunningException(e);
    }
    m.close();
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public HRegionLocation getRegionLocation(final TableName tableName, final byte[] row,
    boolean reload) throws IOException {
    return reload ? relocateRegion(tableName, row) : locateRegion(tableName, row);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isTableEnabled(TableName tableName) throws IOException {
    return getTableState(tableName).inStates(TableState.State.ENABLED);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isTableDisabled(TableName tableName) throws IOException {
    return getTableState(tableName).inStates(TableState.State.DISABLED);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isTableAvailable(final TableName tableName, @Nullable final byte[][] splitKeys)
    throws IOException {
    checkClosed();
    try {
      if (!isTableEnabled(tableName)) {
        LOG.debug("Table {} not enabled", tableName);
        return false;
      }
      if (TableName.isMetaTableName(tableName)) {
        // meta table is always available
        return true;
      }
      List<Pair<RegionInfo, ServerName>> locations =
        MetaTableAccessor.getTableRegionsAndLocations(this, tableName, true);

      int notDeployed = 0;
      int regionCount = 0;
      for (Pair<RegionInfo, ServerName> pair : locations) {
        RegionInfo info = pair.getFirst();
        if (pair.getSecond() == null) {
          LOG.debug("Table {} has not deployed region {}", tableName,
            pair.getFirst().getEncodedName());
          notDeployed++;
        } else
          if (splitKeys != null && !Bytes.equals(info.getStartKey(), HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY)) {
            for (byte[] splitKey : splitKeys) {
              // Just check if the splitkey is available
              if (Bytes.equals(info.getStartKey(), splitKey)) {
                regionCount++;
                break;
              }
            }
          } else {
            // Always empty start row should be counted
            regionCount++;
          }
      }
      if (notDeployed > 0) {
        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
          LOG.debug("Table {} has {} regions not deployed", tableName, notDeployed);
        }
        return false;
      } else if (splitKeys != null && regionCount != splitKeys.length + 1) {
        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
          LOG.debug("Table {} expected to have {} regions, but only {} available", tableName,
            splitKeys.length + 1, regionCount);
        }
        return false;
      } else {
        LOG.trace("Table {} should be available", tableName);
        return true;
      }
    } catch (TableNotFoundException tnfe) {
      LOG.warn("Table {} does not exist", tableName);
      return false;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public HRegionLocation locateRegion(final byte[] regionName) throws IOException {
    RegionLocations locations = locateRegion(RegionInfo.getTable(regionName),
      RegionInfo.getStartKey(regionName), false, true);
    return locations == null ? null : locations.getRegionLocation();
  }

  private boolean isDeadServer(ServerName sn) {
    if (clusterStatusListener == null) {
      return false;
    } else {
      return clusterStatusListener.isDeadServer(sn);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public List<HRegionLocation> locateRegions(TableName tableName) throws IOException {
    return locateRegions(tableName, false, true);
  }

  @Override
  public List<HRegionLocation> locateRegions(TableName tableName, boolean useCache,
    boolean offlined) throws IOException {
    List<RegionInfo> regions;
    if (TableName.isMetaTableName(tableName)) {
      regions = Collections.singletonList(RegionInfoBuilder.FIRST_META_REGIONINFO);
    } else {
      regions = MetaTableAccessor.getTableRegions(this, tableName, !offlined);
    }
    List<HRegionLocation> locations = new ArrayList<>();
    for (RegionInfo regionInfo : regions) {
      if (!RegionReplicaUtil.isDefaultReplica(regionInfo)) {
        continue;
      }
      RegionLocations list = locateRegion(tableName, regionInfo.getStartKey(), useCache, true);
      if (list != null) {
        for (HRegionLocation loc : list.getRegionLocations()) {
          if (loc != null) {
            locations.add(loc);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return locations;
  }

  @Override
  public HRegionLocation locateRegion(final TableName tableName, final byte[] row)
    throws IOException {
    RegionLocations locations = locateRegion(tableName, row, true, true);
    return locations == null ? null : locations.getRegionLocation();
  }

  @Override
  public HRegionLocation relocateRegion(final TableName tableName, final byte[] row)
    throws IOException {
    RegionLocations locations =
      relocateRegion(tableName, row, RegionReplicaUtil.DEFAULT_REPLICA_ID);
    return locations == null
      ? null
      : locations.getRegionLocation(RegionReplicaUtil.DEFAULT_REPLICA_ID);
  }

  @Override
  public RegionLocations relocateRegion(final TableName tableName, final byte[] row, int replicaId)
    throws IOException {
    // Since this is an explicit request not to use any caching, finding
    // disabled tables should not be desirable. This will ensure that an exception is thrown when
    // the first time a disabled table is interacted with.
    if (!tableName.equals(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME) && isTableDisabled(tableName)) {
      throw new TableNotEnabledException(tableName.getNameAsString() + " is disabled.");
    }

    return locateRegion(tableName, row, false, true, replicaId);
  }

  @Override
  public RegionLocations locateRegion(final TableName tableName, final byte[] row, boolean useCache,
    boolean retry) throws IOException {
    return locateRegion(tableName, row, useCache, retry, RegionReplicaUtil.DEFAULT_REPLICA_ID);
  }

  @Override
  public RegionLocations locateRegion(final TableName tableName, final byte[] row, boolean useCache,
    boolean retry, int replicaId) throws IOException {
    checkClosed();
    if (tableName == null || tableName.getName().length == 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("table name cannot be null or zero length");
    }
    if (tableName.equals(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME)) {
      return locateMeta(tableName, useCache, replicaId);
    } else {
      // Region not in the cache - have to go to the meta RS
      return locateRegionInMeta(tableName, row, useCache, retry, replicaId);
    }
  }

  private RegionLocations locateMeta(final TableName tableName, boolean useCache, int replicaId)
    throws IOException {
    // HBASE-10785: We cache the location of the META itself, so that we are not overloading
    // zookeeper with one request for every region lookup. We cache the META with empty row
    // key in MetaCache.
    byte[] metaCacheKey = HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW; // use byte[0] as the row for meta
    RegionLocations locations = null;
    if (useCache) {
      locations = getCachedLocation(tableName, metaCacheKey);
      if (locations != null && locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId) != null) {
        return locations;
      }
    }

    // only one thread should do the lookup.
    synchronized (metaRegionLock) {
      // Check the cache again for a hit in case some other thread made the
      // same query while we were waiting on the lock.
      if (useCache) {
        locations = getCachedLocation(tableName, metaCacheKey);
        if (locations != null && locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId) != null) {
          return locations;
        }
      }

      // Look up from zookeeper
      locations = get(this.registry.getMetaRegionLocations());
      if (locations != null) {
        cacheLocation(tableName, locations);
      }
    }
    return locations;
  }

  /**
   * Search the hbase:meta table for the HRegionLocation info that contains the table and row we're
   * seeking.
   */
  private RegionLocations locateRegionInMeta(TableName tableName, byte[] row, boolean useCache,
    boolean retry, int replicaId) throws IOException {
    // If we are supposed to be using the cache, look in the cache to see if we already have the
    // region.
    if (useCache) {
      RegionLocations locations = getCachedLocation(tableName, row);
      if (locations != null && locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId) != null) {
        return locations;
      }
    }
    // build the key of the meta region we should be looking for.
    // the extra 9's on the end are necessary to allow "exact" matches
    // without knowing the precise region names.
    byte[] metaStartKey = RegionInfo.createRegionName(tableName, row, HConstants.NINES, false);
    byte[] metaStopKey =
      RegionInfo.createRegionName(tableName, HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW, "", false);
    Scan s = new Scan().withStartRow(metaStartKey).withStopRow(metaStopKey, true)
      .addFamily(HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY).setReversed(true).setCaching(1)
      .setReadType(ReadType.PREAD);

    switch (this.metaReplicaMode) {
      case LOAD_BALANCE:
        int metaReplicaId =
          this.metaReplicaSelector.select(tableName, row, RegionLocateType.CURRENT);
        if (metaReplicaId != RegionInfo.DEFAULT_REPLICA_ID) {
          // If the selector gives a non-primary meta replica region, then go with it.
          // Otherwise, just go to primary in non-hedgedRead mode.
          s.setConsistency(Consistency.TIMELINE);
          s.setReplicaId(metaReplicaId);
        }
        break;
      case HEDGED_READ:
        s.setConsistency(Consistency.TIMELINE);
        break;
      default:
        // do nothing
    }
    int maxAttempts = (retry ? numTries : 1);
    boolean relocateMeta = false;
    for (int tries = 0;; tries++) {
      if (tries >= maxAttempts) {
        throw new NoServerForRegionException("Unable to find region for "
          + Bytes.toStringBinary(row) + " in " + tableName + " after " + tries + " tries.");
      }
      if (useCache) {
        RegionLocations locations = getCachedLocation(tableName, row);
        if (locations != null && locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId) != null) {
          return locations;
        }
      } else {
        // If we are not supposed to be using the cache, delete any existing cached location
        // so it won't interfere.
        // We are only supposed to clean the cache for the specific replicaId
        metaCache.clearCache(tableName, row, replicaId);
      }
      // Query the meta region
      long pauseBase = connectionConfig.getPauseMillis();
      takeUserRegionLock();
      try {
        // We don't need to check if useCache is enabled or not. Even if useCache is false
        // we already cleared the cache for this row before acquiring userRegion lock so if this
        // row is present in cache that means some other thread has populated it while we were
        // waiting to acquire user region lock.
        RegionLocations locations = getCachedLocation(tableName, row);
        if (locations != null && locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId) != null) {
          return locations;
        }
        if (relocateMeta) {
          relocateRegion(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME, HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW,
            RegionInfo.DEFAULT_REPLICA_ID);
        }
        s.resetMvccReadPoint();
        final Span span = new TableOperationSpanBuilder(this)
          .setTableName(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME).setOperation(s).build();
        try (Scope ignored = span.makeCurrent();
          ReversedClientScanner rcs =
            new ReversedClientScanner(conf, s, TableName.META_TABLE_NAME, this, rpcCallerFactory,
              rpcControllerFactory, getMetaLookupPool(), connectionConfig.getMetaReadRpcTimeout(),
              connectionConfig.getMetaScanTimeout(), metaReplicaCallTimeoutScanInMicroSecond)) {
          boolean tableNotFound = true;
          for (;;) {
            Result regionInfoRow = rcs.next();
            if (regionInfoRow == null) {
              if (tableNotFound) {
                throw new TableNotFoundException(tableName);
              } else {
                throw new IOException(
                  "Unable to find region for " + Bytes.toStringBinary(row) + " in " + tableName);
              }
            }
            tableNotFound = false;
            // convert the row result into the HRegionLocation we need!
            locations = MetaTableAccessor.getRegionLocations(regionInfoRow);
            if (locations == null || locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId) == null) {
              throw new IOException("RegionInfo null in " + tableName + ", row=" + regionInfoRow);
            }
            RegionInfo regionInfo = locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId).getRegion();
            if (regionInfo == null) {
              throw new IOException("RegionInfo null or empty in " + TableName.META_TABLE_NAME
                + ", row=" + regionInfoRow);
            }
            // See HBASE-20182. It is possible that we locate to a split parent even after the
            // children are online, so here we need to skip this region and go to the next one.
            if (regionInfo.isSplitParent()) {
              continue;
            }
            if (regionInfo.isOffline()) {
              throw new RegionOfflineException(
                "Region offline; disable table call? " + regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString());
            }
            // It is possible that the split children have not been online yet and we have skipped
            // the parent in the above condition, so we may have already reached a region which does
            // not contains us.
            if (!regionInfo.containsRow(row)) {
              throw new IOException(
                "Unable to find region for " + Bytes.toStringBinary(row) + " in " + tableName);
            }
            ServerName serverName = locations.getRegionLocation(replicaId).getServerName();
            if (serverName == null) {
              throw new NoServerForRegionException("No server address listed in "
                + TableName.META_TABLE_NAME + " for region " + regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString()
                + " containing row " + Bytes.toStringBinary(row));
            }
            if (isDeadServer(serverName)) {
              throw new RegionServerStoppedException(
                "hbase:meta says the region " + regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString()
                  + " is managed by the server " + serverName + ", but it is dead.");
            }
            // Instantiate the location
            cacheLocation(tableName, locations);
            return locations;
          }
        }
      } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
        // if we got this error, probably means the table just plain doesn't
        // exist. rethrow the error immediately. this should always be coming
        // from the HTable constructor.
        throw e;
      } catch (LocalConnectionClosedException cce) {
        // LocalConnectionClosedException is specialized instance of DoNotRetryIOE.
        // Thrown when we check if this connection is closed. If it is, don't retry.
        throw cce;
      } catch (IOException e) {
        ExceptionUtil.rethrowIfInterrupt(e);
        if (e instanceof RemoteException) {
          e = ((RemoteException) e).unwrapRemoteException();
        }
        if (HBaseServerException.isServerOverloaded(e)) {
          // Give a special pause when encountering an exception indicating the server
          // is overloaded. see #HBASE-17114 and HBASE-26807
          pauseBase = connectionConfig.getPauseMillisForServerOverloaded();
        }
        if (tries < maxAttempts - 1) {
          LOG.debug("locateRegionInMeta parentTable='{}', attempt={} of {} failed; retrying "
            + "after sleep of {}", TableName.META_TABLE_NAME, tries, maxAttempts, maxAttempts, e);
        } else {
          throw e;
        }
        // Only relocate the parent region if necessary
        relocateMeta =
          !(e instanceof RegionOfflineException || e instanceof NoServerForRegionException);
      } finally {
        userRegionLock.unlock();
      }
      try {
        Thread.sleep(ConnectionUtils.getPauseTime(pauseBase, tries));
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        throw new InterruptedIOException(
          "Giving up trying to location region in " + "meta: thread is interrupted.");
      }
    }
  }

  void takeUserRegionLock() throws IOException {
    try {
      long waitTime = connectionConfig.getMetaOperationTimeout();
      if (!userRegionLock.tryLock(waitTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
        throw new LockTimeoutException("Failed to get user region lock in" + waitTime + " ms. "
          + " for accessing meta region server.");
      }
    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
      LOG.error("Interrupted while waiting for a lock", ie);
      throw ExceptionUtil.asInterrupt(ie);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Put a newly discovered HRegionLocation into the cache.
   * @param tableName The table name.
   * @param location  the new location
   */
  @Override
  public void cacheLocation(final TableName tableName, final RegionLocations location) {
    metaCache.cacheLocation(tableName, location);
  }

  /**
   * Search the cache for a location that fits our table and row key. Return null if no suitable
   * region is located.
   * @return Null or region location found in cache.
   */
  RegionLocations getCachedLocation(final TableName tableName, final byte[] row) {
    return metaCache.getCachedLocation(tableName, row);
  }

  public void clearRegionCache(final TableName tableName, byte[] row) {
    metaCache.clearCache(tableName, row);
  }

  /*
   * Delete all cached entries of a table that maps to a specific location.
   */
  @Override
  public void clearCaches(final ServerName serverName) {
    metaCache.clearCache(serverName);
  }

  @Override
  public void clearRegionLocationCache() {
    metaCache.clearCache();
  }

  @Override
  public void clearRegionCache(final TableName tableName) {
    metaCache.clearCache(tableName);
  }

  /**
   * Put a newly discovered HRegionLocation into the cache.
   * @param tableName The table name.
   * @param source    the source of the new location, if it's not coming from meta
   * @param location  the new location
   */
  private void cacheLocation(final TableName tableName, final ServerName source,
    final HRegionLocation location) {
    metaCache.cacheLocation(tableName, source, location);
  }

  // Map keyed by service name + regionserver to service stub implementation
  private final ConcurrentMap<String, Object> stubs = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

  /**
   * State of the MasterService connection/setup.
   */
  static class MasterServiceState {
    Connection connection;

    MasterProtos.MasterService.BlockingInterface stub;
    int userCount;

    MasterServiceState(final Connection connection) {
      super();
      this.connection = connection;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "MasterService";
    }

    Object getStub() {
      return this.stub;
    }

    void clearStub() {
      this.stub = null;
    }

    boolean isMasterRunning() throws IOException {
      MasterProtos.IsMasterRunningResponse response = null;
      try {
        response = this.stub.isMasterRunning(null, RequestConverter.buildIsMasterRunningRequest());
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw ProtobufUtil.handleRemoteException(e);
      }
      return response != null ? response.getIsMasterRunning() : false;
    }
  }

  /**
   * The record of errors for servers.
   */
  static class ServerErrorTracker {
    // We need a concurrent map here, as we could have multiple threads updating it in parallel.
    private final ConcurrentMap<ServerName, ServerErrors> errorsByServer =
      new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    private final long canRetryUntil;
    private final int maxTries;// max number to try
    private final long startTrackingTime;

    /**
     * Constructor
     * @param timeout  how long to wait before timeout, in unit of millisecond
     * @param maxTries how many times to try
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("JavaUtilDate")
    public ServerErrorTracker(long timeout, int maxTries) {
      this.maxTries = maxTries;
      this.canRetryUntil = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime() + timeout;
      this.startTrackingTime = new Date().getTime();
    }

    /**
     * We stop to retry when we have exhausted BOTH the number of tries and the time allocated.
     * @param numAttempt how many times we have tried by now
     */
    boolean canTryMore(int numAttempt) {
      // If there is a single try we must not take into account the time.
      return numAttempt < maxTries
        || (maxTries > 1 && EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime() < this.canRetryUntil);
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the back-off time for a retrying request to a particular server.
     * @param server    The server in question.
     * @param basePause The default hci pause.
     * @return The time to wait before sending next request.
     */
    long calculateBackoffTime(ServerName server, long basePause) {
      long result;
      ServerErrors errorStats = errorsByServer.get(server);
      if (errorStats != null) {
        result = ConnectionUtils.getPauseTime(basePause, Math.max(0, errorStats.getCount() - 1));
      } else {
        result = 0; // yes, if the server is not in our list we don't wait before retrying.
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Reports that there was an error on the server to do whatever bean-counting necessary.
     * @param server The server in question.
     */
    void reportServerError(ServerName server) {
      computeIfAbsent(errorsByServer, server, ServerErrors::new).addError();
    }

    long getStartTrackingTime() {
      return startTrackingTime;
    }

    /**
     * The record of errors for a server.
     */
    private static class ServerErrors {
      private final AtomicInteger retries = new AtomicInteger(0);

      public int getCount() {
        return retries.get();
      }

      public void addError() {
        retries.incrementAndGet();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Class to make a MasterServiceStubMaker stub.
   */
  private final class MasterServiceStubMaker {

    private void isMasterRunning(MasterProtos.MasterService.BlockingInterface stub)
      throws IOException {
      try {
        stub.isMasterRunning(null, RequestConverter.buildIsMasterRunningRequest());
      } catch (ServiceException e) {
        throw ProtobufUtil.handleRemoteException(e);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Create a stub. Try once only. It is not typed because there is no common type to protobuf
     * services nor their interfaces. Let the caller do appropriate casting.
     * @return A stub for master services.
     */
    private MasterProtos.MasterService.BlockingInterface makeStubNoRetries()
      throws IOException, KeeperException {
      ServerName sn = get(registry.getActiveMaster());
      if (sn == null) {
        String msg = "ZooKeeper available but no active master location found";
        LOG.info(msg);
        throw new MasterNotRunningException(msg);
      }
      if (isDeadServer(sn)) {
        throw new MasterNotRunningException(sn + " is dead.");
      }
      // Use the security info interface name as our stub key
      String key = getStubKey(MasterProtos.MasterService.getDescriptor().getName(), sn);
      MasterProtos.MasterService.BlockingInterface stub =
        (MasterProtos.MasterService.BlockingInterface) computeIfAbsentEx(stubs, key, () -> {
          BlockingRpcChannel channel = rpcClient.createBlockingRpcChannel(sn, user, rpcTimeout);
          return MasterProtos.MasterService.newBlockingStub(channel);
        });
      isMasterRunning(stub);
      return stub;
    }

    /**
     * Create a stub against the master. Retry if necessary.
     * @return A stub to do <code>intf</code> against the master
     * @throws org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException if master is not running
     */
    MasterProtos.MasterService.BlockingInterface makeStub() throws IOException {
      // The lock must be at the beginning to prevent multiple master creations
      // (and leaks) in a multithread context
      synchronized (masterLock) {
        Exception exceptionCaught = null;
        if (!closed) {
          try {
            return makeStubNoRetries();
          } catch (IOException e) {
            exceptionCaught = e;
          } catch (KeeperException e) {
            exceptionCaught = e;
          }
          throw new MasterNotRunningException(exceptionCaught);
        } else {
          throw new DoNotRetryIOException("Connection was closed while trying to get master");
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public AdminProtos.AdminService.BlockingInterface getAdminForMaster() throws IOException {
    return getAdmin(get(registry.getActiveMaster()));
  }

  @Override
  public AdminProtos.AdminService.BlockingInterface getAdmin(ServerName serverName)
    throws IOException {
    checkClosed();
    if (isDeadServer(serverName)) {
      throw new RegionServerStoppedException(serverName + " is dead.");
    }
    String key = getStubKey(AdminProtos.AdminService.BlockingInterface.class.getName(), serverName);
    return (AdminProtos.AdminService.BlockingInterface) computeIfAbsentEx(stubs, key, () -> {
      BlockingRpcChannel channel =
        this.rpcClient.createBlockingRpcChannel(serverName, user, rpcTimeout);
      return AdminProtos.AdminService.newBlockingStub(channel);
    });
  }

  @Override
  public BlockingInterface getClient(ServerName serverName) throws IOException {
    checkClosed();
    if (isDeadServer(serverName)) {
      throw new RegionServerStoppedException(serverName + " is dead.");
    }
    String key =
      getStubKey(ClientProtos.ClientService.BlockingInterface.class.getName(), serverName);
    return (ClientProtos.ClientService.BlockingInterface) computeIfAbsentEx(stubs, key, () -> {
      BlockingRpcChannel channel =
        this.rpcClient.createBlockingRpcChannel(serverName, user, rpcTimeout);
      return ClientProtos.ClientService.newBlockingStub(channel);
    });
  }

  final MasterServiceState masterServiceState = new MasterServiceState(this);

  @Override
  public MasterKeepAliveConnection getMaster() throws IOException {
    return getKeepAliveMasterService();
  }

  private void resetMasterServiceState(final MasterServiceState mss) {
    mss.userCount++;
  }

  private MasterKeepAliveConnection getKeepAliveMasterService() throws IOException {
    synchronized (masterLock) {
      if (!isKeepAliveMasterConnectedAndRunning(this.masterServiceState)) {
        MasterServiceStubMaker stubMaker = new MasterServiceStubMaker();
        this.masterServiceState.stub = stubMaker.makeStub();
      }
      resetMasterServiceState(this.masterServiceState);
    }
    // Ugly delegation just so we can add in a Close method.
    final MasterProtos.MasterService.BlockingInterface stub = this.masterServiceState.stub;
    return new MasterKeepAliveConnection() {
      MasterServiceState mss = masterServiceState;

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.AbortProcedureResponse abortProcedure(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.AbortProcedureRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.abortProcedure(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetProceduresResponse getProcedures(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.GetProceduresRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getProcedures(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetLocksResponse getLocks(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.GetLocksRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getLocks(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.AddColumnResponse addColumn(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.AddColumnRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.addColumn(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.DeleteColumnResponse deleteColumn(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.DeleteColumnRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.deleteColumn(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ModifyColumnResponse modifyColumn(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ModifyColumnRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.modifyColumn(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.MoveRegionResponse moveRegion(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.MoveRegionRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.moveRegion(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.MergeTableRegionsResponse mergeTableRegions(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.MergeTableRegionsRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.mergeTableRegions(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.AssignRegionResponse assignRegion(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.AssignRegionRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.assignRegion(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.UnassignRegionResponse unassignRegion(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.UnassignRegionRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.unassignRegion(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.OfflineRegionResponse offlineRegion(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.OfflineRegionRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.offlineRegion(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.SplitTableRegionResponse splitRegion(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.SplitTableRegionRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.splitRegion(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.DeleteTableResponse deleteTable(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.DeleteTableRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.deleteTable(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.TruncateTableResponse truncateTable(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.TruncateTableRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.truncateTable(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.EnableTableResponse enableTable(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.EnableTableRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.enableTable(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.DisableTableResponse disableTable(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.DisableTableRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.disableTable(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ModifyTableResponse modifyTable(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ModifyTableRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.modifyTable(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.CreateTableResponse createTable(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.CreateTableRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.createTable(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ShutdownResponse shutdown(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ShutdownRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.shutdown(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.StopMasterResponse stopMaster(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.StopMasterRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.stopMaster(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsInMaintenanceModeResponse isMasterInMaintenanceMode(
        final RpcController controller, final MasterProtos.IsInMaintenanceModeRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isMasterInMaintenanceMode(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.BalanceResponse balance(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.BalanceRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.balance(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.SetBalancerRunningResponse setBalancerRunning(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.SetBalancerRunningRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.setBalancerRunning(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public NormalizeResponse normalize(RpcController controller, NormalizeRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.normalize(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public SetNormalizerRunningResponse setNormalizerRunning(RpcController controller,
        SetNormalizerRunningRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.setNormalizerRunning(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.RunCatalogScanResponse runCatalogScan(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.RunCatalogScanRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.runCatalogScan(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.EnableCatalogJanitorResponse enableCatalogJanitor(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.EnableCatalogJanitorRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.enableCatalogJanitor(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsCatalogJanitorEnabledResponse isCatalogJanitorEnabled(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.IsCatalogJanitorEnabledRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isCatalogJanitorEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.RunCleanerChoreResponse runCleanerChore(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.RunCleanerChoreRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.runCleanerChore(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.SetCleanerChoreRunningResponse setCleanerChoreRunning(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.SetCleanerChoreRunningRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.setCleanerChoreRunning(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsCleanerChoreEnabledResponse isCleanerChoreEnabled(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.IsCleanerChoreEnabledRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isCleanerChoreEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public ClientProtos.CoprocessorServiceResponse execMasterService(RpcController controller,
        ClientProtos.CoprocessorServiceRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.execMasterService(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.SnapshotResponse snapshot(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.SnapshotRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.snapshot(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetCompletedSnapshotsResponse getCompletedSnapshots(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.GetCompletedSnapshotsRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getCompletedSnapshots(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.DeleteSnapshotResponse deleteSnapshot(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.DeleteSnapshotRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.deleteSnapshot(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsSnapshotDoneResponse isSnapshotDone(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.IsSnapshotDoneRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isSnapshotDone(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.RestoreSnapshotResponse restoreSnapshot(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.RestoreSnapshotRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.restoreSnapshot(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.SetSnapshotCleanupResponse switchSnapshotCleanup(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.SetSnapshotCleanupRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.switchSnapshotCleanup(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsSnapshotCleanupEnabledResponse isSnapshotCleanupEnabled(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.IsSnapshotCleanupEnabledRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isSnapshotCleanupEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ExecProcedureResponse execProcedure(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ExecProcedureRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.execProcedure(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ExecProcedureResponse execProcedureWithRet(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ExecProcedureRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.execProcedureWithRet(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsProcedureDoneResponse isProcedureDone(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.IsProcedureDoneRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isProcedureDone(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetProcedureResultResponse getProcedureResult(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.GetProcedureResultRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getProcedureResult(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsMasterRunningResponse isMasterRunning(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.IsMasterRunningRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isMasterRunning(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ModifyNamespaceResponse modifyNamespace(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ModifyNamespaceRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.modifyNamespace(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.CreateNamespaceResponse createNamespace(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.CreateNamespaceRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.createNamespace(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.DeleteNamespaceResponse deleteNamespace(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.DeleteNamespaceRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.deleteNamespace(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ListNamespacesResponse listNamespaces(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ListNamespacesRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.listNamespaces(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetNamespaceDescriptorResponse getNamespaceDescriptor(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.GetNamespaceDescriptorRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getNamespaceDescriptor(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ListNamespaceDescriptorsResponse listNamespaceDescriptors(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.ListNamespaceDescriptorsRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.listNamespaceDescriptors(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ListTableDescriptorsByNamespaceResponse listTableDescriptorsByNamespace(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.ListTableDescriptorsByNamespaceRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.listTableDescriptorsByNamespace(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ListTableNamesByNamespaceResponse listTableNamesByNamespace(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.ListTableNamesByNamespaceRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.listTableNamesByNamespace(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetTableStateResponse getTableState(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.GetTableStateRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getTableState(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public void close() {
        release(this.mss);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetSchemaAlterStatusResponse getSchemaAlterStatus(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.GetSchemaAlterStatusRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getSchemaAlterStatus(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetTableDescriptorsResponse getTableDescriptors(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.GetTableDescriptorsRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getTableDescriptors(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetTableNamesResponse getTableNames(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.GetTableNamesRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getTableNames(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.GetClusterStatusResponse getClusterStatus(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.GetClusterStatusRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getClusterStatus(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.SetQuotaResponse setQuota(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.SetQuotaRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.setQuota(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.MajorCompactionTimestampResponse getLastMajorCompactionTimestamp(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.MajorCompactionTimestampRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getLastMajorCompactionTimestamp(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.MajorCompactionTimestampResponse getLastMajorCompactionTimestampForRegion(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.MajorCompactionTimestampForRegionRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getLastMajorCompactionTimestampForRegion(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public IsBalancerEnabledResponse isBalancerEnabled(RpcController controller,
        IsBalancerEnabledRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isBalancerEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.SetSplitOrMergeEnabledResponse setSplitOrMergeEnabled(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.SetSplitOrMergeEnabledRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.setSplitOrMergeEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.IsSplitOrMergeEnabledResponse isSplitOrMergeEnabled(
        RpcController controller, MasterProtos.IsSplitOrMergeEnabledRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isSplitOrMergeEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public IsNormalizerEnabledResponse isNormalizerEnabled(RpcController controller,
        IsNormalizerEnabledRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isNormalizerEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public SecurityCapabilitiesResponse getSecurityCapabilities(RpcController controller,
        SecurityCapabilitiesRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getSecurityCapabilities(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public AddReplicationPeerResponse addReplicationPeer(RpcController controller,
        AddReplicationPeerRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.addReplicationPeer(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public RemoveReplicationPeerResponse removeReplicationPeer(RpcController controller,
        RemoveReplicationPeerRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.removeReplicationPeer(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public EnableReplicationPeerResponse enableReplicationPeer(RpcController controller,
        EnableReplicationPeerRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.enableReplicationPeer(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public DisableReplicationPeerResponse disableReplicationPeer(RpcController controller,
        DisableReplicationPeerRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.disableReplicationPeer(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public ListDecommissionedRegionServersResponse listDecommissionedRegionServers(
        RpcController controller, ListDecommissionedRegionServersRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.listDecommissionedRegionServers(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public DecommissionRegionServersResponse decommissionRegionServers(RpcController controller,
        DecommissionRegionServersRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.decommissionRegionServers(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public RecommissionRegionServerResponse recommissionRegionServer(RpcController controller,
        RecommissionRegionServerRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.recommissionRegionServer(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public GetReplicationPeerConfigResponse getReplicationPeerConfig(RpcController controller,
        GetReplicationPeerConfigRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getReplicationPeerConfig(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public UpdateReplicationPeerConfigResponse updateReplicationPeerConfig(
        RpcController controller, UpdateReplicationPeerConfigRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.updateReplicationPeerConfig(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public ListReplicationPeersResponse listReplicationPeers(RpcController controller,
        ListReplicationPeersRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.listReplicationPeers(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public GetSpaceQuotaRegionSizesResponse getSpaceQuotaRegionSizes(RpcController controller,
        GetSpaceQuotaRegionSizesRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getSpaceQuotaRegionSizes(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public GetQuotaStatesResponse getQuotaStates(RpcController controller,
        GetQuotaStatesRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getQuotaStates(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public MasterProtos.ClearDeadServersResponse clearDeadServers(RpcController controller,
        MasterProtos.ClearDeadServersRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.clearDeadServers(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public SwitchRpcThrottleResponse switchRpcThrottle(RpcController controller,
        SwitchRpcThrottleRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.switchRpcThrottle(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public IsRpcThrottleEnabledResponse isRpcThrottleEnabled(RpcController controller,
        IsRpcThrottleEnabledRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.isRpcThrottleEnabled(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public SwitchExceedThrottleQuotaResponse switchExceedThrottleQuota(RpcController controller,
        SwitchExceedThrottleQuotaRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.switchExceedThrottleQuota(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public AccessControlProtos.GrantResponse grant(RpcController controller,
        AccessControlProtos.GrantRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.grant(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public AccessControlProtos.RevokeResponse revoke(RpcController controller,
        AccessControlProtos.RevokeRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.revoke(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public GetUserPermissionsResponse getUserPermissions(RpcController controller,
        GetUserPermissionsRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getUserPermissions(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public HasUserPermissionsResponse hasUserPermissions(RpcController controller,
        HasUserPermissionsRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.hasUserPermissions(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public HBaseProtos.LogEntry getLogEntries(RpcController controller,
        HBaseProtos.LogRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.getLogEntries(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public ModifyTableStoreFileTrackerResponse modifyTableStoreFileTracker(
        RpcController controller, ModifyTableStoreFileTrackerRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.modifyTableStoreFileTracker(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public ModifyColumnStoreFileTrackerResponse modifyColumnStoreFileTracker(
        RpcController controller, ModifyColumnStoreFileTrackerRequest request)
        throws ServiceException {
        return stub.modifyColumnStoreFileTracker(controller, request);
      }

      @Override
      public FlushMasterStoreResponse flushMasterStore(RpcController controller,
        FlushMasterStoreRequest request) throws ServiceException {
        return stub.flushMasterStore(controller, request);
      }
    };
  }

  private static void release(MasterServiceState mss) {
    if (mss != null && mss.connection != null) {
      ((ConnectionImplementation) mss.connection).releaseMaster(mss);
    }
  }

  private boolean isKeepAliveMasterConnectedAndRunning(MasterServiceState mss) {
    if (mss.getStub() == null) {
      return false;
    }
    try {
      return mss.isMasterRunning();
    } catch (UndeclaredThrowableException e) {
      // It's somehow messy, but we can receive exceptions such as
      // java.net.ConnectException but they're not declared. So we catch it...
      LOG.info("Master connection is not running anymore", e.getUndeclaredThrowable());
      return false;
    } catch (IOException se) {
      LOG.warn("Checking master connection", se);
      return false;
    }
  }

  void releaseMaster(MasterServiceState mss) {
    if (mss.getStub() == null) {
      return;
    }
    synchronized (masterLock) {
      --mss.userCount;
    }
  }

  private void closeMasterService(MasterServiceState mss) {
    if (mss.getStub() != null) {
      LOG.info("Closing master protocol: " + mss);
      mss.clearStub();
    }
    mss.userCount = 0;
  }

  /**
   * Immediate close of the shared master. Can be by the delayed close or when closing the
   * connection itself.
   */
  private void closeMaster() {
    synchronized (masterLock) {
      closeMasterService(masterServiceState);
    }
  }

  void updateCachedLocation(RegionInfo hri, ServerName source, ServerName serverName, long seqNum) {
    HRegionLocation newHrl = new HRegionLocation(hri, serverName, seqNum);
    cacheLocation(hri.getTable(), source, newHrl);
  }

  @Override
  public void deleteCachedRegionLocation(final HRegionLocation location) {
    metaCache.clearCache(location);
  }

  /**
   * Update the location with the new value (if the exception is a RegionMovedException) or delete
   * it from the cache. Does nothing if we can be sure from the exception that the location is still
   * accurate, or if the cache has already been updated.
   * @param exception an object (to simplify user code) on which we will try to find a nested or
   *                  wrapped or both RegionMovedException
   * @param source    server that is the source of the location update.
   */
  @Override
  public void updateCachedLocations(final TableName tableName, byte[] regionName, byte[] rowkey,
    final Object exception, final ServerName source) {
    if (rowkey == null || tableName == null) {
      LOG.warn("Coding error, see method javadoc. row=" + (rowkey == null ? "null" : rowkey)
        + ", tableName=" + (tableName == null ? "null" : tableName));
      return;
    }

    if (source == null) {
      // This should not happen, but let's secure ourselves.
      return;
    }

    if (regionName == null) {
      // we do not know which region, so just remove the cache entry for the row and server
      if (metrics != null) {
        metrics.incrCacheDroppingExceptions(exception);
      }
      metaCache.clearCache(tableName, rowkey, source);
      return;
    }

    // Is it something we have already updated?
    final RegionLocations oldLocations = getCachedLocation(tableName, rowkey);
    HRegionLocation oldLocation = null;
    if (oldLocations != null) {
      oldLocation = oldLocations.getRegionLocationByRegionName(regionName);
    }
    if (oldLocation == null || !source.equals(oldLocation.getServerName())) {
      // There is no such location in the cache (it's been removed already) or
      // the cache has already been refreshed with a different location. => nothing to do
      return;
    }

    RegionInfo regionInfo = oldLocation.getRegion();
    Throwable cause = ClientExceptionsUtil.findException(exception);
    if (cause != null) {
      if (!ClientExceptionsUtil.isMetaClearingException(cause)) {
        // We know that the region is still on this region server
        return;
      }

      if (cause instanceof RegionMovedException) {
        RegionMovedException rme = (RegionMovedException) cause;
        if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
          LOG.trace("Region " + regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString() + " moved to "
            + rme.getHostname() + ":" + rme.getPort() + " according to " + source.getAddress());
        }
        // We know that the region is not anymore on this region server, but we know
        // the new location.
        updateCachedLocation(regionInfo, source, rme.getServerName(), rme.getLocationSeqNum());
        return;
      }
    }

    if (metrics != null) {
      metrics.incrCacheDroppingExceptions(exception);
    }

    // Tell metaReplicaSelector that the location is stale. It will create a stale entry
    // with timestamp internally. Next time the client looks up the same location,
    // it will pick a different meta replica region.
    if (this.metaReplicaMode == CatalogReplicaMode.LOAD_BALANCE) {
      metaReplicaSelector.onError(oldLocation);
    }

    // If we're here, it means that can cannot be sure about the location, so we remove it from
    // the cache. Do not send the source because source can be a new server in the same host:port
    metaCache.clearCache(regionInfo);
  }

  @Override
  public AsyncProcess getAsyncProcess() {
    return asyncProcess;
  }

  @Override
  public ServerStatisticTracker getStatisticsTracker() {
    return this.stats;
  }

  @Override
  public ClientBackoffPolicy getBackoffPolicy() {
    return this.backoffPolicy;
  }

  /*
   * Return the number of cached region for a table. It will only be called from a unit test.
   */
  int getNumberOfCachedRegionLocations(final TableName tableName) {
    return metaCache.getNumberOfCachedRegionLocations(tableName);
  }

  @Override
  public void abort(final String msg, Throwable t) {
    if (t != null) {
      LOG.error(HBaseMarkers.FATAL, msg, t);
    } else {
      LOG.error(HBaseMarkers.FATAL, msg);
    }
    this.aborted = true;
    close();
    this.closed = true;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isClosed() {
    return this.closed;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isAborted() {
    return this.aborted;
  }

  @Override
  public void close() {
    TraceUtil.trace(() -> {
      if (this.closed) {
        return;
      }
      closeMaster();
      shutdownPools();
      if (this.metrics != null) {
        this.metrics.shutdown();
      }
      this.closed = true;
      if (this.registry != null) {
        registry.close();
      }
      this.stubs.clear();
      if (clusterStatusListener != null) {
        clusterStatusListener.close();
      }
      if (rpcClient != null) {
        rpcClient.close();
      }
      synchronized (this) {
        if (choreService != null) {
          choreService.shutdown();
        }
      }
    }, this.getClass().getSimpleName() + ".close");
  }

  /**
   * Close the connection for good. On the off chance that someone is unable to close the
   * connection, perhaps because it bailed out prematurely, the method below will ensure that this
   * instance is cleaned up. Caveat: The JVM may take an unknown amount of time to call finalize on
   * an unreachable object, so our hope is that every consumer cleans up after itself, like any good
   * citizen.
   */
  @Override
  protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
    super.finalize();
    close();
  }

  @Override
  public NonceGenerator getNonceGenerator() {
    return nonceGenerator;
  }

  @Override
  public TableState getTableState(TableName tableName) throws IOException {
    checkClosed();
    TableState tableState = MetaTableAccessor.getTableState(this, tableName);
    if (tableState == null) {
      throw new TableNotFoundException(tableName);
    }
    return tableState;
  }

  @Override
  public RpcRetryingCallerFactory getNewRpcRetryingCallerFactory(Configuration conf) {
    return RpcRetryingCallerFactory.instantiate(conf, this.interceptor,
      this.getStatisticsTracker());
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasCellBlockSupport() {
    return this.rpcClient.hasCellBlockSupport();
  }

  @Override
  public ConnectionConfiguration getConnectionConfiguration() {
    return this.connectionConfig;
  }

  @Override
  public RpcRetryingCallerFactory getRpcRetryingCallerFactory() {
    return this.rpcCallerFactory;
  }

  @Override
  public RpcControllerFactory getRpcControllerFactory() {
    return this.rpcControllerFactory;
  }

  private static <T> T get(CompletableFuture<T> future) throws IOException {
    try {
      return future.get();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
      throw (IOException) new InterruptedIOException().initCause(e);
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      Throwable cause = e.getCause();
      Throwables.propagateIfPossible(cause, IOException.class);
      throw new IOException(cause);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public String getClusterId() {
    try {
      return registry.getClusterId().get();
    } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
      LOG.error("Error fetching cluster ID: ", e);
    }
    return null;
  }
}