/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.quotas;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.testclassification.RegionServerTests;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.testclassification.SmallTests;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdge;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.ManualEnvironmentEdge;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

/**
 * Verify the behaviour of the Rate Limiter.
 */
@Tag(RegionServerTests.TAG)
@Tag(SmallTests.TAG)
public class TestRateLimiter {

  @Test
  public void testWaitIntervalTimeUnitSeconds() {
    testWaitInterval(TimeUnit.SECONDS, 10, 100);
  }

  @Test
  public void testWaitIntervalTimeUnitMinutes() {
    testWaitInterval(TimeUnit.MINUTES, 10, 6000);
  }

  @Test
  public void testWaitIntervalTimeUnitHours() {
    testWaitInterval(TimeUnit.HOURS, 10, 360000);
  }

  @Test
  public void testWaitIntervalTimeUnitDays() {
    testWaitInterval(TimeUnit.DAYS, 10, 8640000);
  }

  private void testWaitInterval(final TimeUnit timeUnit, final long limit,
    final long expectedWaitInterval) {
    RateLimiter limiter = new AverageIntervalRateLimiter();
    limiter.set(limit, timeUnit);

    long nowTs = 0;
    // consume all the available resources, one request at the time.
    // the wait interval should be 0
    for (int i = 0; i < (limit - 1); ++i) {
      assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
      limiter.consume();
      long waitInterval = limiter.waitInterval();
      assertEquals(0, waitInterval);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < (limit * 4); ++i) {
      // There is one resource available, so we should be able to
      // consume it without waiting.
      limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - nowTs);
      assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
      assertEquals(0, limiter.waitInterval());
      limiter.consume();
      // No more resources are available, we should wait for at least an interval.
      long waitInterval = limiter.waitInterval();
      assertEquals(expectedWaitInterval, waitInterval);

      // set the nowTs to be the exact time when resources should be available again.
      nowTs = waitInterval;

      // artificially go into the past to prove that when too early we should fail.
      long temp = nowTs + 500;
      limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() + temp);
      assertNotEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
      // Roll back the nextRefillTime set to continue further testing
      limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - temp);
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testOverconsumptionAverageIntervalRefillStrategy() {
    RateLimiter limiter = new AverageIntervalRateLimiter();
    limiter.set(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    // 10 resources are available, but we need to consume 20 resources
    // Verify that we have to wait at least 1.1sec to have 1 resource available
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
    limiter.consume(20);
    // We consumed twice the quota. Need to wait 1s to get back to 0, then another 100ms for the 1
    assertEquals(1100, limiter.waitInterval(1));
    // We consumed twice the quota. Need to wait 1s to get back to 0, then another 1s to get to 10
    assertEquals(2000, limiter.waitInterval(10));

    // Verify that after 1sec we need to wait for another 0.1sec to get a resource available
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 1000);
    assertNotEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(1));
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 100);
    // We've waited the full 1.1sec, should now have 1 available
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(1));
    assertEquals(0, limiter.waitInterval());
  }

  @Test
  public void testOverconsumptionFixedIntervalRefillStrategy() throws InterruptedException {
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter();
    limiter.set(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    // fix the current time in order to get the precise value of interval
    EnvironmentEdge edge = new EnvironmentEdge() {
      private final long ts = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime();

      @Override
      public long currentTime() {
        return ts;
      }
    };
    EnvironmentEdgeManager.injectEdge(edge);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
    // 10 resources are available, but we need to consume 20 resources
    limiter.consume(20);
    // We over-consumed by 10. Since this is a fixed interval refill, where
    // each interval we refill the full limit amount, we need to wait 2 intervals -- first
    // interval gets us from -10 to 0, second gets us from 0 to 10, though we just want the 1.
    assertEquals(2000, limiter.waitInterval(1));
    EnvironmentEdgeManager.reset();

    // Verify that after 1sec also no resource should be available
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 1000);
    assertNotEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
    // Verify that after total 2sec the 10 resource is available
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 1000);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
    assertEquals(0, limiter.waitInterval());
  }

  @Test
  public void testFixedIntervalResourceAvailability() throws Exception {
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter();
    limiter.set(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(10));
    limiter.consume(3);
    assertEquals(7, limiter.getAvailable());
    assertNotEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(10));
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 1000);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(10));
    assertEquals(10, limiter.getAvailable());
  }

  @Test
  public void testLimiterBySmallerRate() throws InterruptedException {
    // set limiter is 10 resources per seconds
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter();
    limiter.set(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    int count = 0; // control the test count
    while ((count++) < 10) {
      // test will get 3 resources per 0.5 sec. so it will get 6 resources per sec.
      limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 500);
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        // 6 resources/sec < limit, so limiter.canExecute(nowTs, lastTs) should be true
        assertEquals(limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(), 0);
        limiter.consume();
      }
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testCanExecuteOfAverageIntervalRateLimiter() throws InterruptedException {
    RateLimiter limiter = new AverageIntervalRateLimiter();
    // when set limit is 100 per sec, this AverageIntervalRateLimiter will support at max 200 per
    // sec
    limiter.set(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime());
    assertEquals(50, testCanExecuteByRate(limiter, 50));

    // refill the avail to limit
    limiter.set(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime());
    assertEquals(100, testCanExecuteByRate(limiter, 100));

    // refill the avail to limit
    limiter.set(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime());
    assertEquals(200, testCanExecuteByRate(limiter, 200));

    // refill the avail to limit
    limiter.set(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime());
    assertEquals(200, testCanExecuteByRate(limiter, 500));
  }

  @Test
  public void testCanExecuteOfFixedIntervalRateLimiter() throws InterruptedException {
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter();
    // when set limit is 100 per sec, this FixedIntervalRateLimiter will support at max 100 per sec
    limiter.set(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime());
    assertEquals(50, testCanExecuteByRate(limiter, 50));

    // refill the avail to limit
    limiter.set(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime());
    assertEquals(100, testCanExecuteByRate(limiter, 100));

    // refill the avail to limit
    limiter.set(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime());
    assertEquals(100, testCanExecuteByRate(limiter, 200));
  }

  public int testCanExecuteByRate(RateLimiter limiter, int rate) {
    int request = 0;
    int count = 0;
    while ((request++) < rate) {
      limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - limiter.getTimeUnitInMillis() / rate);
      if (limiter.getWaitIntervalMs() == 0) {
        count++;
        limiter.consume();
      }
    }
    return count;
  }

  @Test
  public void testRefillOfAverageIntervalRateLimiter() throws InterruptedException {
    RateLimiter limiter = new AverageIntervalRateLimiter();
    limiter.set(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.getAvailable());
    // first refill, will return the number same with limit
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    limiter.consume(30);

    // after 0.2 sec, refill should return 12
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 200);
    assertEquals(12, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    // after 0.5 sec, refill should return 30
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 500);
    assertEquals(30, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    // after 1 sec, refill should return 60
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 1000);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    // after more than 1 sec, refill should return at max 60
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 3000);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 5000);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));
  }

  @Test
  public void testRefillOfFixedIntervalRateLimiter() throws InterruptedException {
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter();
    limiter.set(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.getAvailable());
    // first refill, will return the number same with limit
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    limiter.consume(30);

    // after 0.2 sec, refill should return 0
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 200);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    // after 0.5 sec, refill should return 0
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 500);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    // after 1 sec, refill should return 60
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 1000);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));

    // after more than 1 sec, refill should return at max 60
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 3000);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));
    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 5000);
    assertEquals(60, limiter.refill(limiter.getLimit()));
  }

  @Test
  public void testUnconfiguredLimiters() throws InterruptedException {

    ManualEnvironmentEdge testEdge = new ManualEnvironmentEdge();
    EnvironmentEdgeManager.injectEdge(testEdge);
    long limit = Long.MAX_VALUE;

    // For unconfigured limiters, it is supposed to use as much as possible
    RateLimiter avgLimiter = new AverageIntervalRateLimiter();
    RateLimiter fixLimiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter();

    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());
    assertEquals(limit, fixLimiter.getAvailable());

    assertEquals(0, avgLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));
    avgLimiter.consume(limit);

    assertEquals(0, fixLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));
    fixLimiter.consume(limit);

    // Make sure that available is Long.MAX_VALUE
    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());
    assertEquals(limit, fixLimiter.getAvailable());

    // after 100 millseconds, it should be able to execute limit as well
    testEdge.incValue(100);

    assertEquals(0, avgLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));
    avgLimiter.consume(limit);

    assertEquals(0, fixLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));
    fixLimiter.consume(limit);

    // Make sure that available is Long.MAX_VALUE
    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());
    assertEquals(limit, fixLimiter.getAvailable());

    EnvironmentEdgeManager.reset();
  }

  @Test
  public void testExtremeLimiters() throws InterruptedException {

    ManualEnvironmentEdge testEdge = new ManualEnvironmentEdge();
    EnvironmentEdgeManager.injectEdge(testEdge);
    long limit = Long.MAX_VALUE - 1;

    RateLimiter avgLimiter = new AverageIntervalRateLimiter();
    avgLimiter.set(limit, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    RateLimiter fixLimiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter();
    fixLimiter.set(limit, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());
    assertEquals(limit, fixLimiter.getAvailable());

    assertEquals(0, avgLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit / 2));
    avgLimiter.consume(limit / 2);

    assertEquals(0, fixLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit / 2));
    fixLimiter.consume(limit / 2);

    // Make sure that available is whatever left
    assertEquals((limit - (limit / 2)), avgLimiter.getAvailable());
    assertEquals((limit - (limit / 2)), fixLimiter.getAvailable());

    // after 100 millseconds, both should not be able to execute the limit
    testEdge.incValue(100);

    assertNotEquals(0, avgLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));
    assertNotEquals(0, fixLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));

    // after 500 millseconds, average interval limiter should be able to execute the limit
    testEdge.incValue(500);
    assertEquals(0, avgLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));
    assertNotEquals(0, fixLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));

    // Make sure that available is correct
    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());
    assertEquals((limit - (limit / 2)), fixLimiter.getAvailable());

    // after 500 millseconds, both should be able to execute
    testEdge.incValue(500);
    assertEquals(0, avgLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));
    assertEquals(0, fixLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(limit));

    // Make sure that available is Long.MAX_VALUE
    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());
    assertEquals(limit, fixLimiter.getAvailable());

    EnvironmentEdgeManager.reset();
  }

  /*
   * This test case is tricky. Basically, it simulates the following events: Thread-1 Thread-2 t0:
   * canExecute(100) and consume(100) t1: canExecute(100), avail may be increased by 80 t2:
   * consume(-80) as actual size is 20 It will check if consume(-80) can handle overflow correctly.
   */
  @Test
  public void testLimiterCompensationOverflow() throws InterruptedException {

    long limit = Long.MAX_VALUE - 1;
    long guessNumber = 100;

    // For unconfigured limiters, it is supposed to use as much as possible
    RateLimiter avgLimiter = new AverageIntervalRateLimiter();
    avgLimiter.set(limit, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());

    // The initial guess is that 100 bytes.
    assertEquals(0, avgLimiter.getWaitIntervalMs(guessNumber));
    avgLimiter.consume(guessNumber);

    // Make sure that available is whatever left
    assertEquals((limit - guessNumber), avgLimiter.getAvailable());

    // Manually set avil to simulate that another thread call canExecute().
    // It is simulated by consume().
    avgLimiter.consume(-80);
    assertEquals((limit - guessNumber + 80), avgLimiter.getAvailable());

    // Now thread1 compensates 80
    avgLimiter.consume(-80);
    assertEquals(limit, avgLimiter.getAvailable());
  }

  @Test
  public void itRunsFullWithPartialRefillInterval() {
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter(100);
    limiter.set(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());

    // Consume the quota
    limiter.consume(10);

    // Need to wait 1s to acquire another resource
    long waitInterval = limiter.waitInterval(10);
    assertTrue(900 < waitInterval);
    assertTrue(1000 >= waitInterval);
    // We need to wait 2s to acquire more than 10 resources
    waitInterval = limiter.waitInterval(20);
    assertTrue(1900 < waitInterval);
    assertTrue(2000 >= waitInterval);

    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 1000);
    // We've waited the full interval, so we should now have 10
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(10));
    assertEquals(0, limiter.waitInterval());
  }

  @Test
  public void itRunsPartialRefillIntervals() {
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter(100);
    limiter.set(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());

    // Consume the quota
    limiter.consume(10);

    // Need to wait 1s to acquire another resource
    long waitInterval = limiter.waitInterval(10);
    assertTrue(900 < waitInterval);
    assertTrue(1000 >= waitInterval);
    // We need to wait 2s to acquire more than 10 resources
    waitInterval = limiter.waitInterval(20);
    assertTrue(1900 < waitInterval);
    assertTrue(2000 >= waitInterval);
    // We need to wait 0<=x<=100ms to acquire 1 resource
    waitInterval = limiter.waitInterval(1);
    assertTrue(0 < waitInterval);
    assertTrue(100 >= waitInterval);

    limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 500);
    // We've waited half the interval, so we should now have half available
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs(5));
    assertEquals(0, limiter.waitInterval());
  }

  @Test
  public void itRunsRepeatedPartialRefillIntervals() {
    RateLimiter limiter = new FixedIntervalRateLimiter(100);
    limiter.set(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    assertEquals(0, limiter.getWaitIntervalMs());
    // Consume the quota
    limiter.consume(10);
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      limiter.setNextRefillTime(limiter.getNextRefillTime() - 100); // free 1 resource
      limiter.consume(1);
      assertFalse(limiter.isAvailable(1)); // all resources consumed
      assertTrue(limiter.isAvailable(0)); // not negative
    }
  }
}