/*
    *
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.coprocessor;
  
  import java.io.Closeable;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.NavigableMap;
  import java.util.NavigableSet;
  import java.util.TreeMap;
  import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
  
  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.ColumnInterpreter;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.BlockingRpcCallback;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.ServerRpcController;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.AggregateProtos.AggregateRequest;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.AggregateProtos.AggregateResponse;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.AggregateProtos.AggregateService;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
  
  import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
  import com.google.protobuf.Message;
  
  /**
   * This client class is for invoking the aggregate functions deployed on the
   * Region Server side via the AggregateService. This class will implement the
   * supporting functionality for summing/processing the individual results
   * obtained from the AggregateService for each region.
   * <p>
   * This will serve as the client side handler for invoking the aggregate
   * functions.
   * <ul>
   * For all aggregate functions,
   * <li>start row < end row is an essential condition (if they are not
   * {@link HConstants#EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY})
   * <li>Column family can't be null. In case where multiple families are
   * provided, an IOException will be thrown. An optional column qualifier can
   * also be defined.
   * <li>For methods to find maximum, minimum, sum, rowcount, it returns the
   * parameter type. For average and std, it returns a double value. For row
   * count, it returns a long value.
   * <p>Call {@link #close()} when done.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public class AggregationClient implements Closeable {
    // TODO: This class is not used.  Move to examples?
    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(AggregationClient.class);
    private final Connection connection;
  
    /**
     * Constructor with Conf object
     * @param cfg
     */
    public AggregationClient(Configuration cfg) {
      try {
        // Create a connection on construction. Will use it making each of the calls below.
        this.connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(cfg);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
    }
  
    @Override
   public void close() throws IOException {
     if (this.connection != null && !this.connection.isClosed()) {
       this.connection.close();
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * It gives the maximum value of a column for a given column family for the
    * given range. In case qualifier is null, a max of all values for the given
    * family is returned.
    * @param tableName
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return max val <R>
    * @throws Throwable
    *           The caller is supposed to handle the exception as they are thrown
    *           & propagated to it.
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> R max(
       final TableName tableName, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan)
   throws Throwable {
     try (Table table = connection.getTable(tableName)) {
       return max(table, ci, scan);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * It gives the maximum value of a column for a given column family for the
    * given range. In case qualifier is null, a max of all values for the given
    * family is returned.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return max val <R>
    * @throws Throwable
    *           The caller is supposed to handle the exception as they are thrown
    *           & propagated to it.
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   R max(final Table table, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci,
       final Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     final AggregateRequest requestArg = validateArgAndGetPB(scan, ci, false);
     class MaxCallBack implements Batch.Callback<R> {
       R max = null;
 
       R getMax() {
         return max;
       }
 
       @Override
       public synchronized void update(byte[] region, byte[] row, R result) {
         max = (max == null || (result != null && ci.compare(max, result) < 0)) ? result : max;
       }
     }
     MaxCallBack aMaxCallBack = new MaxCallBack();
     table.coprocessorService(AggregateService.class, scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow(),
         new Batch.Call<AggregateService, R>() {
           @Override
           public R call(AggregateService instance) throws IOException {
             ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
             BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse> rpcCallback =
                 new BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse>();
             instance.getMax(controller, requestArg, rpcCallback);
             AggregateResponse response = rpcCallback.get();
             if (controller.failedOnException()) {
               throw controller.getFailedOn();
             }
             if (response.getFirstPartCount() > 0) {
               ByteString b = response.getFirstPart(0);
               Q q = ProtobufUtil.getParsedGenericInstance(ci.getClass(), 3, b);
               return ci.getCellValueFromProto(q);
             }
             return null;
           }
         }, aMaxCallBack);
     return aMaxCallBack.getMax();
   }
 
   /*
    * @param scan
    * @param canFamilyBeAbsent whether column family can be absent in familyMap of scan
    */
   private void validateParameters(Scan scan, boolean canFamilyBeAbsent) throws IOException {
     if (scan == null
         || (Bytes.equals(scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow()) && !Bytes
             .equals(scan.getStartRow(), HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW))
         || ((Bytes.compareTo(scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow()) > 0) &&
           !Bytes.equals(scan.getStopRow(), HConstants.EMPTY_END_ROW))) {
       throw new IOException(
           "Agg client Exception: Startrow should be smaller than Stoprow");
     } else if (!canFamilyBeAbsent) {
       if (scan.getFamilyMap().size() != 1) {
         throw new IOException("There must be only one family.");
       }
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * It gives the minimum value of a column for a given column family for the
    * given range. In case qualifier is null, a min of all values for the given
    * family is returned.
    * @param tableName
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return min val <R>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> R min(
       final TableName tableName, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan)
   throws Throwable {
     try (Table table = connection.getTable(tableName)) {
       return min(table, ci, scan);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * It gives the minimum value of a column for a given column family for the
    * given range. In case qualifier is null, a min of all values for the given
    * family is returned.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return min val <R>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   R min(final Table table, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci,
       final Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     final AggregateRequest requestArg = validateArgAndGetPB(scan, ci, false);
     class MinCallBack implements Batch.Callback<R> {
 
       private R min = null;
 
       public R getMinimum() {
         return min;
       }
 
       @Override
       public synchronized void update(byte[] region, byte[] row, R result) {
         min = (min == null || (result != null && ci.compare(result, min) < 0)) ? result : min;
       }
     }
     MinCallBack minCallBack = new MinCallBack();
     table.coprocessorService(AggregateService.class, scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow(),
         new Batch.Call<AggregateService, R>() {
 
           @Override
           public R call(AggregateService instance) throws IOException {
             ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
             BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse> rpcCallback =
                 new BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse>();
             instance.getMin(controller, requestArg, rpcCallback);
             AggregateResponse response = rpcCallback.get();
             if (controller.failedOnException()) {
               throw controller.getFailedOn();
             }
             if (response.getFirstPartCount() > 0) {
               ByteString b = response.getFirstPart(0);
               Q q = ProtobufUtil.getParsedGenericInstance(ci.getClass(), 3, b);
               return ci.getCellValueFromProto(q);
             }
             return null;
           }
         }, minCallBack);
     log.debug("Min fom all regions is: " + minCallBack.getMinimum());
     return minCallBack.getMinimum();
   }
 
   /**
    * It gives the row count, by summing up the individual results obtained from
    * regions. In case the qualifier is null, FirstKeyValueFilter is used to
    * optimised the operation. In case qualifier is provided, I can't use the
    * filter as it may set the flag to skip to next row, but the value read is
    * not of the given filter: in this case, this particular row will not be
    * counted ==> an error.
    * @param tableName
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return <R, S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> long rowCount(
       final TableName tableName, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan)
   throws Throwable {
     try (Table table = connection.getTable(tableName)) {
         return rowCount(table, ci, scan);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * It gives the row count, by summing up the individual results obtained from
    * regions. In case the qualifier is null, FirstKeyValueFilter is used to
    * optimised the operation. In case qualifier is provided, I can't use the
    * filter as it may set the flag to skip to next row, but the value read is
    * not of the given filter: in this case, this particular row will not be
    * counted ==> an error.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return <R, S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   long rowCount(final Table table,
       final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     final AggregateRequest requestArg = validateArgAndGetPB(scan, ci, true);
     class RowNumCallback implements Batch.Callback<Long> {
       private final AtomicLong rowCountL = new AtomicLong(0);
 
       public long getRowNumCount() {
         return rowCountL.get();
       }
 
       @Override
       public void update(byte[] region, byte[] row, Long result) {
         rowCountL.addAndGet(result.longValue());
       }
     }
     RowNumCallback rowNum = new RowNumCallback();
     table.coprocessorService(AggregateService.class, scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow(),
         new Batch.Call<AggregateService, Long>() {
           @Override
           public Long call(AggregateService instance) throws IOException {
             ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
             BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse> rpcCallback =
                 new BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse>();
             instance.getRowNum(controller, requestArg, rpcCallback);
             AggregateResponse response = rpcCallback.get();
             if (controller.failedOnException()) {
               throw controller.getFailedOn();
             }
             byte[] bytes = getBytesFromResponse(response.getFirstPart(0));
             ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(8).put(bytes);
             bb.rewind();
             return bb.getLong();
           }
         }, rowNum);
     return rowNum.getRowNumCount();
   }
 
   /**
    * It sums up the value returned from various regions. In case qualifier is
    * null, summation of all the column qualifiers in the given family is done.
    * @param tableName
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return sum <S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> S sum(
       final TableName tableName, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan)
   throws Throwable {
     try (Table table = connection.getTable(tableName)) {
         return sum(table, ci, scan);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * It sums up the value returned from various regions. In case qualifier is
    * null, summation of all the column qualifiers in the given family is done.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return sum <S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   S sum(final Table table, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci,
       final Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     final AggregateRequest requestArg = validateArgAndGetPB(scan, ci, false);
 
     class SumCallBack implements Batch.Callback<S> {
       S sumVal = null;
 
       public S getSumResult() {
         return sumVal;
       }
 
       @Override
       public synchronized void update(byte[] region, byte[] row, S result) {
         sumVal = ci.add(sumVal, result);
       }
     }
     SumCallBack sumCallBack = new SumCallBack();
     table.coprocessorService(AggregateService.class, scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow(),
         new Batch.Call<AggregateService, S>() {
           @Override
           public S call(AggregateService instance) throws IOException {
             ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
             BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse> rpcCallback =
                 new BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse>();
             instance.getSum(controller, requestArg, rpcCallback);
             AggregateResponse response = rpcCallback.get();
             if (controller.failedOnException()) {
               throw controller.getFailedOn();
             }
             if (response.getFirstPartCount() == 0) {
               return null;
             }
             ByteString b = response.getFirstPart(0);
             T t = ProtobufUtil.getParsedGenericInstance(ci.getClass(), 4, b);
             S s = ci.getPromotedValueFromProto(t);
             return s;
           }
         }, sumCallBack);
     return sumCallBack.getSumResult();
   }
 
   /**
    * It computes average while fetching sum and row count from all the
    * corresponding regions. Approach is to compute a global sum of region level
    * sum and rowcount and then compute the average.
    * @param tableName
    * @param scan
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   private <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> Pair<S, Long> getAvgArgs(
       final TableName tableName, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan)
       throws Throwable {
     try (Table table = connection.getTable(tableName)) {
         return getAvgArgs(table, ci, scan);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * It computes average while fetching sum and row count from all the
    * corresponding regions. Approach is to compute a global sum of region level
    * sum and rowcount and then compute the average.
    * @param table
    * @param scan
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   private <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   Pair<S, Long> getAvgArgs(final Table table,
       final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     final AggregateRequest requestArg = validateArgAndGetPB(scan, ci, false);
     class AvgCallBack implements Batch.Callback<Pair<S, Long>> {
       S sum = null;
       Long rowCount = 0l;
 
       public synchronized Pair<S, Long> getAvgArgs() {
         return new Pair<S, Long>(sum, rowCount);
       }
 
       @Override
       public synchronized void update(byte[] region, byte[] row, Pair<S, Long> result) {
         sum = ci.add(sum, result.getFirst());
         rowCount += result.getSecond();
       }
     }
     AvgCallBack avgCallBack = new AvgCallBack();
     table.coprocessorService(AggregateService.class, scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow(),
         new Batch.Call<AggregateService, Pair<S, Long>>() {
           @Override
           public Pair<S, Long> call(AggregateService instance) throws IOException {
             ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
             BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse> rpcCallback =
                 new BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse>();
             instance.getAvg(controller, requestArg, rpcCallback);
             AggregateResponse response = rpcCallback.get();
             if (controller.failedOnException()) {
               throw controller.getFailedOn();
             }
             Pair<S, Long> pair = new Pair<S, Long>(null, 0L);
             if (response.getFirstPartCount() == 0) {
               return pair;
             }
             ByteString b = response.getFirstPart(0);
             T t = ProtobufUtil.getParsedGenericInstance(ci.getClass(), 4, b);
             S s = ci.getPromotedValueFromProto(t);
             pair.setFirst(s);
             ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(8).put(
                 getBytesFromResponse(response.getSecondPart()));
             bb.rewind();
             pair.setSecond(bb.getLong());
             return pair;
           }
         }, avgCallBack);
     return avgCallBack.getAvgArgs();
   }
 
   /**
    * This is the client side interface/handle for calling the average method for
    * a given cf-cq combination. It was necessary to add one more call stack as
    * its return type should be a decimal value, irrespective of what
    * columninterpreter says. So, this methods collects the necessary parameters
    * to compute the average and returs the double value.
    * @param tableName
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return <R, S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   double avg(final TableName tableName,
       final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     Pair<S, Long> p = getAvgArgs(tableName, ci, scan);
     return ci.divideForAvg(p.getFirst(), p.getSecond());
   }
 
   /**
    * This is the client side interface/handle for calling the average method for
    * a given cf-cq combination. It was necessary to add one more call stack as
    * its return type should be a decimal value, irrespective of what
    * columninterpreter says. So, this methods collects the necessary parameters
    * to compute the average and returs the double value.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return <R, S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> double avg(
       final Table table, final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     Pair<S, Long> p = getAvgArgs(table, ci, scan);
     return ci.divideForAvg(p.getFirst(), p.getSecond());
   }
 
   /**
    * It computes a global standard deviation for a given column and its value.
    * Standard deviation is square root of (average of squares -
    * average*average). From individual regions, it obtains sum, square sum and
    * number of rows. With these, the above values are computed to get the global
    * std.
    * @param table
    * @param scan
    * @return standard deviations
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   private <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   Pair<List<S>, Long> getStdArgs(final Table table,
       final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     final AggregateRequest requestArg = validateArgAndGetPB(scan, ci, false);
     class StdCallback implements Batch.Callback<Pair<List<S>, Long>> {
       long rowCountVal = 0l;
       S sumVal = null, sumSqVal = null;
 
       public synchronized Pair<List<S>, Long> getStdParams() {
         List<S> l = new ArrayList<S>();
         l.add(sumVal);
         l.add(sumSqVal);
         Pair<List<S>, Long> p = new Pair<List<S>, Long>(l, rowCountVal);
         return p;
       }
 
       @Override
       public synchronized void update(byte[] region, byte[] row, Pair<List<S>, Long> result) {
         if (result.getFirst().size() > 0) {
           sumVal = ci.add(sumVal, result.getFirst().get(0));
           sumSqVal = ci.add(sumSqVal, result.getFirst().get(1));
           rowCountVal += result.getSecond();
         }
       }
     }
     StdCallback stdCallback = new StdCallback();
     table.coprocessorService(AggregateService.class, scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow(),
         new Batch.Call<AggregateService, Pair<List<S>, Long>>() {
           @Override
           public Pair<List<S>, Long> call(AggregateService instance) throws IOException {
             ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
             BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse> rpcCallback =
                 new BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse>();
             instance.getStd(controller, requestArg, rpcCallback);
             AggregateResponse response = rpcCallback.get();
             if (controller.failedOnException()) {
               throw controller.getFailedOn();
             }
             Pair<List<S>, Long> pair = new Pair<List<S>, Long>(new ArrayList<S>(), 0L);
             if (response.getFirstPartCount() == 0) {
               return pair;
             }
             List<S> list = new ArrayList<S>();
             for (int i = 0; i < response.getFirstPartCount(); i++) {
               ByteString b = response.getFirstPart(i);
               T t = ProtobufUtil.getParsedGenericInstance(ci.getClass(), 4, b);
               S s = ci.getPromotedValueFromProto(t);
               list.add(s);
             }
             pair.setFirst(list);
             ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(8).put(
                 getBytesFromResponse(response.getSecondPart()));
             bb.rewind();
             pair.setSecond(bb.getLong());
             return pair;
           }
         }, stdCallback);
     return stdCallback.getStdParams();
   }
 
   /**
    * This is the client side interface/handle for calling the std method for a
    * given cf-cq combination. It was necessary to add one more call stack as its
    * return type should be a decimal value, irrespective of what
    * columninterpreter says. So, this methods collects the necessary parameters
    * to compute the std and returns the double value.
    * @param tableName
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return <R, S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   double std(final TableName tableName, ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci,
       Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     try (Table table = connection.getTable(tableName)) {
         return std(table, ci, scan);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * This is the client side interface/handle for calling the std method for a
    * given cf-cq combination. It was necessary to add one more call stack as its
    * return type should be a decimal value, irrespective of what
    * columninterpreter says. So, this methods collects the necessary parameters
    * to compute the std and returns the double value.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return <R, S>
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> double std(
       final Table table, ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     Pair<List<S>, Long> p = getStdArgs(table, ci, scan);
     double res = 0d;
     double avg = ci.divideForAvg(p.getFirst().get(0), p.getSecond());
     double avgOfSumSq = ci.divideForAvg(p.getFirst().get(1), p.getSecond());
     res = avgOfSumSq - (avg) * (avg); // variance
     res = Math.pow(res, 0.5);
     return res;
   }
 
   /**
    * It helps locate the region with median for a given column whose weight
    * is specified in an optional column.
    * From individual regions, it obtains sum of values and sum of weights.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return pair whose first element is a map between start row of the region
    *  and (sum of values, sum of weights) for the region, the second element is
    *  (sum of values, sum of weights) for all the regions chosen
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   private <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   Pair<NavigableMap<byte[], List<S>>, List<S>>
   getMedianArgs(final Table table,
       final ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci, final Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     final AggregateRequest requestArg = validateArgAndGetPB(scan, ci, false);
     final NavigableMap<byte[], List<S>> map =
       new TreeMap<byte[], List<S>>(Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR);
     class StdCallback implements Batch.Callback<List<S>> {
       S sumVal = null, sumWeights = null;
 
       public synchronized Pair<NavigableMap<byte[], List<S>>, List<S>> getMedianParams() {
         List<S> l = new ArrayList<S>();
         l.add(sumVal);
         l.add(sumWeights);
         Pair<NavigableMap<byte[], List<S>>, List<S>> p =
           new Pair<NavigableMap<byte[], List<S>>, List<S>>(map, l);
         return p;
       }
 
       @Override
       public synchronized void update(byte[] region, byte[] row, List<S> result) {
         map.put(row, result);
         sumVal = ci.add(sumVal, result.get(0));
         sumWeights = ci.add(sumWeights, result.get(1));
       }
     }
     StdCallback stdCallback = new StdCallback();
     table.coprocessorService(AggregateService.class, scan.getStartRow(), scan.getStopRow(),
         new Batch.Call<AggregateService, List<S>>() {
           @Override
           public List<S> call(AggregateService instance) throws IOException {
             ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
             BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse> rpcCallback =
                 new BlockingRpcCallback<AggregateResponse>();
             instance.getMedian(controller, requestArg, rpcCallback);
             AggregateResponse response = rpcCallback.get();
             if (controller.failedOnException()) {
               throw controller.getFailedOn();
             }
 
             List<S> list = new ArrayList<S>();
             for (int i = 0; i < response.getFirstPartCount(); i++) {
               ByteString b = response.getFirstPart(i);
               T t = ProtobufUtil.getParsedGenericInstance(ci.getClass(), 4, b);
               S s = ci.getPromotedValueFromProto(t);
               list.add(s);
             }
             return list;
           }
 
         }, stdCallback);
     return stdCallback.getMedianParams();
   }
 
   /**
    * This is the client side interface/handler for calling the median method for a
    * given cf-cq combination. This method collects the necessary parameters
    * to compute the median and returns the median.
    * @param tableName
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return R the median
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   R median(final TableName tableName, ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci,
       Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     try (Table table = connection.getTable(tableName)) {
         return median(table, ci, scan);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * This is the client side interface/handler for calling the median method for a
    * given cf-cq combination. This method collects the necessary parameters
    * to compute the median and returns the median.
    * @param table
    * @param ci
    * @param scan
    * @return R the median
    * @throws Throwable
    */
   public <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message>
   R median(final Table table, ColumnInterpreter<R, S, P, Q, T> ci,
       Scan scan) throws Throwable {
     Pair<NavigableMap<byte[], List<S>>, List<S>> p = getMedianArgs(table, ci, scan);
     byte[] startRow = null;
     byte[] colFamily = scan.getFamilies()[0];
     NavigableSet<byte[]> quals = scan.getFamilyMap().get(colFamily);
     NavigableMap<byte[], List<S>> map = p.getFirst();
     S sumVal = p.getSecond().get(0);
     S sumWeights = p.getSecond().get(1);
     double halfSumVal = ci.divideForAvg(sumVal, 2L);
     double movingSumVal = 0;
     boolean weighted = false;
     if (quals.size() > 1) {
       weighted = true;
       halfSumVal = ci.divideForAvg(sumWeights, 2L);
     }
 
     for (Map.Entry<byte[], List<S>> entry : map.entrySet()) {
       S s = weighted ? entry.getValue().get(1) : entry.getValue().get(0);
       double newSumVal = movingSumVal + ci.divideForAvg(s, 1L);
       if (newSumVal > halfSumVal) break;  // we found the region with the median
       movingSumVal = newSumVal;
       startRow = entry.getKey();
     }
     // scan the region with median and find it
     Scan scan2 = new Scan(scan);
     // inherit stop row from method parameter
     if (startRow != null) scan2.setStartRow(startRow);
     ResultScanner scanner = null;
     try {
       int cacheSize = scan2.getCaching();
       if (!scan2.getCacheBlocks() || scan2.getCaching() < 2) {
         scan2.setCacheBlocks(true);
         cacheSize = 5;
         scan2.setCaching(cacheSize);
       }
       scanner = table.getScanner(scan2);
       Result[] results = null;
       byte[] qualifier = quals.pollFirst();
       // qualifier for the weight column
       byte[] weightQualifier = weighted ? quals.pollLast() : qualifier;
       R value = null;
       do {
         results = scanner.next(cacheSize);
         if (results != null && results.length > 0) {
           for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
             Result r = results[i];
             // retrieve weight
             Cell kv = r.getColumnLatest(colFamily, weightQualifier);
             R newValue = ci.getValue(colFamily, weightQualifier, kv);
             S s = ci.castToReturnType(newValue);
             double newSumVal = movingSumVal + ci.divideForAvg(s, 1L);
             // see if we have moved past the median
             if (newSumVal > halfSumVal) {
               return value;
             }
             movingSumVal = newSumVal;
             kv = r.getColumnLatest(colFamily, qualifier);
             value = ci.getValue(colFamily, qualifier, kv);
             }
           }
       } while (results != null && results.length > 0);
     } finally {
       if (scanner != null) {
         scanner.close();
       }
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   <R, S, P extends Message, Q extends Message, T extends Message> AggregateRequest
   validateArgAndGetPB(Scan scan, ColumnInterpreter<R,S,P,Q,T> ci, boolean canFamilyBeAbsent)
       throws IOException {
     validateParameters(scan, canFamilyBeAbsent);
     final AggregateRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
         AggregateRequest.newBuilder();
     requestBuilder.setInterpreterClassName(ci.getClass().getCanonicalName());
     P columnInterpreterSpecificData = null;
     if ((columnInterpreterSpecificData = ci.getRequestData())
        != null) {
       requestBuilder.setInterpreterSpecificBytes(columnInterpreterSpecificData.toByteString());
     }
     requestBuilder.setScan(ProtobufUtil.toScan(scan));
     return requestBuilder.build();
   }
 
   byte[] getBytesFromResponse(ByteString response) {
     ByteBuffer bb = response.asReadOnlyByteBuffer();
     bb.rewind();
     byte[] bytes;
     if (bb.hasArray()) {
       bytes = bb.array();
     } else {
       bytes = response.toByteArray();
     }
     return bytes;
   }
 }