/**
    *
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce;
  
  import static java.lang.String.format;
  
  import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
  import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
  import com.google.common.collect.Multimaps;
  import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang.mutable.MutableInt;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission.FsPermission;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValueUtil;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceStability;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ClusterConnection;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnection;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.NeedUnmanagedConnectionException;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RegionLocator;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RegionServerCallable;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RpcRetryingCallerFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.coprocessor.SecureBulkLoadClient;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.CoprocessorHost;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.HFileLink;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.HalfStoreFileReader;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.Reference;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.compress.Compression.Algorithm;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile.CacheConfig;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile.HFile;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile.HFileContext;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile.HFileContextBuilder;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile.HFileDataBlockEncoder;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile.HFileScanner;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.BloomType;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.HStore;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.StoreFile;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.StoreFileInfo;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.UserProvider;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.token.FsDelegationToken;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.FSHDFSUtils;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
  import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
  import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
  
  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
  import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Deque;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.LinkedList;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Map.Entry;
  import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
  * Tool to load the output of HFileOutputFormat into an existing table.
  * @see #usage()
  */
 @InterfaceAudience.Public
 @InterfaceStability.Stable
 public class LoadIncrementalHFiles extends Configured implements Tool {
   private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(LoadIncrementalHFiles.class);
   private Admin hbAdmin;
 
   public static final String NAME = "completebulkload";
   public static final String MAX_FILES_PER_REGION_PER_FAMILY
     = "hbase.mapreduce.bulkload.max.hfiles.perRegion.perFamily";
   private static final String ASSIGN_SEQ_IDS = "hbase.mapreduce.bulkload.assign.sequenceNumbers";
   public final static String CREATE_TABLE_CONF_KEY = "create.table";
 
   private int maxFilesPerRegionPerFamily;
   private boolean assignSeqIds;
 
   // Source filesystem
   private FileSystem fs;
   // Source delegation token
   private FsDelegationToken fsDelegationToken;
   private String bulkToken;
   private UserProvider userProvider;
 
   private LoadIncrementalHFiles() {}
 
   public LoadIncrementalHFiles(Configuration conf) throws Exception {
     super(conf);
     initialize();
   }
 
   private void initialize() throws Exception {
     if (hbAdmin == null) {
       // make a copy, just to be sure we're not overriding someone else's config
       setConf(HBaseConfiguration.create(getConf()));
       Configuration conf = getConf();
       // disable blockcache for tool invocation, see HBASE-10500
       conf.setFloat(HConstants.HFILE_BLOCK_CACHE_SIZE_KEY, 0);
       this.hbAdmin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
       this.userProvider = UserProvider.instantiate(conf);
       this.fsDelegationToken = new FsDelegationToken(userProvider, "renewer");
       assignSeqIds = conf.getBoolean(ASSIGN_SEQ_IDS, true);
       maxFilesPerRegionPerFamily = conf.getInt(MAX_FILES_PER_REGION_PER_FAMILY, 32);
     }
   }
 
   private void usage() {
     System.err.println("usage: " + NAME + " /path/to/hfileoutputformat-output tablename" + "\n -D"
         + CREATE_TABLE_CONF_KEY + "=no - can be used to avoid creation of table by this tool\n"
         + "  Note: if you set this to 'no', then the target table must already exist in HBase\n"
         + "\n");
   }
 
   private static interface BulkHFileVisitor<TFamily> {
     TFamily bulkFamily(final byte[] familyName)
       throws IOException;
     void bulkHFile(final TFamily family, final FileStatus hfileStatus)
       throws IOException;
   }
 
   /**
    * Iterate over the bulkDir hfiles.
    * Skip reference, HFileLink, files starting with "_" and non-valid hfiles.
    */
   private static <TFamily> void visitBulkHFiles(final FileSystem fs, final Path bulkDir,
     final BulkHFileVisitor<TFamily> visitor) throws IOException {
     if (!fs.exists(bulkDir)) {
       throw new FileNotFoundException("Bulkload dir " + bulkDir + " not found");
     }
 
     FileStatus[] familyDirStatuses = fs.listStatus(bulkDir);
     if (familyDirStatuses == null) {
       throw new FileNotFoundException("No families found in " + bulkDir);
     }
 
     for (FileStatus familyStat : familyDirStatuses) {
       if (!familyStat.isDirectory()) {
         LOG.warn("Skipping non-directory " + familyStat.getPath());
         continue;
       }
       Path familyDir = familyStat.getPath();
       byte[] familyName = familyDir.getName().getBytes();
       TFamily family = visitor.bulkFamily(familyName);
 
       FileStatus[] hfileStatuses = fs.listStatus(familyDir);
       for (FileStatus hfileStatus : hfileStatuses) {
         if (!fs.isFile(hfileStatus.getPath())) {
           LOG.warn("Skipping non-file " + hfileStatus);
           continue;
         }
 
         Path hfile = hfileStatus.getPath();
         // Skip "_", reference, HFileLink
         String fileName = hfile.getName();
         if (fileName.startsWith("_")) {
           continue;
         }
         if (StoreFileInfo.isReference(fileName)) {
           LOG.warn("Skipping reference " + fileName);
           continue;
         }
         if (HFileLink.isHFileLink(fileName)) {
           LOG.warn("Skipping HFileLink " + fileName);
           continue;
         }
 
         // Validate HFile Format
         try {
           if (!HFile.isHFileFormat(fs, hfile)) {
             LOG.warn("the file " + hfile + " doesn't seems to be an hfile. skipping");
             continue;
           }
         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
           LOG.warn("the file " + hfile + " was removed");
           continue;
         }
 
         visitor.bulkHFile(family, hfileStatus);
       }
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Represents an HFile waiting to be loaded. An queue is used
    * in this class in order to support the case where a region has
    * split during the process of the load. When this happens,
    * the HFile is split into two physical parts across the new
    * region boundary, and each part is added back into the queue.
    * The import process finishes when the queue is empty.
    */
   static class LoadQueueItem {
     final byte[] family;
     final Path hfilePath;
 
     public LoadQueueItem(byte[] family, Path hfilePath) {
       this.family = family;
       this.hfilePath = hfilePath;
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
       return "family:"+ Bytes.toString(family) + " path:" + hfilePath.toString();
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Walk the given directory for all HFiles, and return a Queue
    * containing all such files.
    */
   private void discoverLoadQueue(final Deque<LoadQueueItem> ret, final Path hfofDir)
   throws IOException {
     fs = hfofDir.getFileSystem(getConf());
     visitBulkHFiles(fs, hfofDir, new BulkHFileVisitor<byte[]>() {
       @Override
       public byte[] bulkFamily(final byte[] familyName) {
         return familyName;
       }
       @Override
       public void bulkHFile(final byte[] family, final FileStatus hfile) throws IOException {
         long length = hfile.getLen();
         if (length > getConf().getLong(HConstants.HREGION_MAX_FILESIZE,
             HConstants.DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE)) {
           LOG.warn("Trying to bulk load hfile " + hfile.getPath() + " with size: " +
               length + " bytes can be problematic as it may lead to oversplitting.");
         }
         ret.add(new LoadQueueItem(family, hfile.getPath()));
       }
     });
   }
 
   /**
    * Perform a bulk load of the given directory into the given
    * pre-existing table.  This method is not threadsafe.
    *
    * @param hfofDir the directory that was provided as the output path
    * of a job using HFileOutputFormat
    * @param table the table to load into
    * @throws TableNotFoundException if table does not yet exist
    * @deprecated since hbase-1.3.0, hbase-1.2.2, and hbase-1.1.6; replaced
    * by {@link #doBulkLoad(Path, Admin, Table, RegionLocator)}.
    * @see HBASE-15876
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Deprecated
   public void doBulkLoad(Path hfofDir, final HTable table)
     throws TableNotFoundException, IOException
   {
     Admin admin = null;
     Table t = table;
     Connection conn = table.getConnection();
     boolean closeConnWhenFinished = false;
     try {
       if (conn instanceof ClusterConnection && ((ClusterConnection) conn).isManaged()) {
         LOG.warn("managed connection cannot be used for bulkload. Creating unmanaged connection.");
         // can only use unmanaged connections from here on out.
         conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(table.getConfiguration());
         t = conn.getTable(table.getName());
         closeConnWhenFinished = true;
         if (conn instanceof ClusterConnection && ((ClusterConnection) conn).isManaged()) {
           throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create unmanaged connection.");
         }
         admin = conn.getAdmin();
       } else {
         admin = conn.getAdmin();
       }
       try (RegionLocator rl = conn.getRegionLocator(t.getName())) {
         doBulkLoad(hfofDir, admin, t, rl);
       }
     } finally {
       if (admin != null) admin.close();
       if (closeConnWhenFinished) {
         t.close();
         conn.close();
       }
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Perform a bulk load of the given directory into the given
    * pre-existing table.  This method is not threadsafe.
    *
    * @param hfofDir the directory that was provided as the output path
    * of a job using HFileOutputFormat
    * @param table the table to load into
    * @throws TableNotFoundException if table does not yet exist
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   public void doBulkLoad(Path hfofDir, final Admin admin, Table table,
       RegionLocator regionLocator) throws TableNotFoundException, IOException  {
 
     if (!admin.isTableAvailable(regionLocator.getName())) {
       throw new TableNotFoundException("Table " + table.getName() + " is not currently available.");
     }
 
     // initialize thread pools
     int nrThreads = getConf().getInt("hbase.loadincremental.threads.max",
       Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
     ThreadFactoryBuilder builder = new ThreadFactoryBuilder();
     builder.setNameFormat("LoadIncrementalHFiles-%1$d");
     ExecutorService pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(nrThreads, nrThreads,
         60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
         new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
         builder.build());
     ((ThreadPoolExecutor)pool).allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
 
     // LQI queue does not need to be threadsafe -- all operations on this queue
     // happen in this thread
     Deque<LoadQueueItem> queue = new LinkedList<LoadQueueItem>();
     try {
       discoverLoadQueue(queue, hfofDir);
       // check whether there is invalid family name in HFiles to be bulkloaded
       Collection<HColumnDescriptor> families = table.getTableDescriptor().getFamilies();
       ArrayList<String> familyNames = new ArrayList<String>(families.size());
       for (HColumnDescriptor family : families) {
         familyNames.add(family.getNameAsString());
       }
       ArrayList<String> unmatchedFamilies = new ArrayList<String>();
       Iterator<LoadQueueItem> queueIter = queue.iterator();
       while (queueIter.hasNext()) {
         LoadQueueItem lqi = queueIter.next();
         String familyNameInHFile = Bytes.toString(lqi.family);
         if (!familyNames.contains(familyNameInHFile)) {
           unmatchedFamilies.add(familyNameInHFile);
         }
       }
       if (unmatchedFamilies.size() > 0) {
         String msg =
             "Unmatched family names found: unmatched family names in HFiles to be bulkloaded: "
                 + unmatchedFamilies + "; valid family names of table "
                 + table.getName() + " are: " + familyNames;
         LOG.error(msg);
         throw new IOException(msg);
       }
       int count = 0;
 
       if (queue.isEmpty()) {
         LOG.warn("Bulk load operation did not find any files to load in " +
             "directory " + hfofDir.toUri() + ".  Does it contain files in " +
             "subdirectories that correspond to column family names?");
         return;
       }
 
       //If using secure bulk load, get source delegation token, and
       //prepare staging directory and token
       // fs is the source filesystem
       fsDelegationToken.acquireDelegationToken(fs);
       if(isSecureBulkLoadEndpointAvailable()) {
         bulkToken = new SecureBulkLoadClient(table).prepareBulkLoad(table.getName());
       }
 
       // Assumes that region splits can happen while this occurs.
       while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
         // need to reload split keys each iteration.
         final Pair<byte[][], byte[][]> startEndKeys = regionLocator.getStartEndKeys();
         if (count != 0) {
           LOG.info("Split occured while grouping HFiles, retry attempt " +
               + count + " with " + queue.size() + " files remaining to group or split");
         }
 
         int maxRetries = getConf().getInt("hbase.bulkload.retries.number", 10);
         if (maxRetries != 0 && count >= maxRetries) {
           throw new IOException("Retry attempted " + count +
             " times without completing, bailing out");
         }
         count++;
 
         // Using ByteBuffer for byte[] equality semantics
         Multimap<ByteBuffer, LoadQueueItem> regionGroups = groupOrSplitPhase(table,
             pool, queue, startEndKeys);
 
         if (!checkHFilesCountPerRegionPerFamily(regionGroups)) {
           // Error is logged inside checkHFilesCountPerRegionPerFamily.
           throw new IOException("Trying to load more than " + maxFilesPerRegionPerFamily
             + " hfiles to one family of one region");
         }
 
         bulkLoadPhase(table, admin.getConnection(), pool, queue, regionGroups);
 
         // NOTE: The next iteration's split / group could happen in parallel to
         // atomic bulkloads assuming that there are splits and no merges, and
         // that we can atomically pull out the groups we want to retry.
       }
 
     } finally {
       fsDelegationToken.releaseDelegationToken();
       if(bulkToken != null) {
         new SecureBulkLoadClient(table).cleanupBulkLoad(bulkToken);
       }
       pool.shutdown();
       if (queue != null && !queue.isEmpty()) {
         StringBuilder err = new StringBuilder();
         err.append("-------------------------------------------------\n");
         err.append("Bulk load aborted with some files not yet loaded:\n");
         err.append("-------------------------------------------------\n");
         for (LoadQueueItem q : queue) {
           err.append("  ").append(q.hfilePath).append('\n');
         }
         LOG.error(err);
       }
     }
 
     if (queue != null && !queue.isEmpty()) {
         throw new RuntimeException("Bulk load aborted with some files not yet loaded."
           + "Please check log for more details.");
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * This takes the LQI's grouped by likely regions and attempts to bulk load
    * them.  Any failures are re-queued for another pass with the
    * groupOrSplitPhase.
    */
   protected void bulkLoadPhase(final Table table, final Connection conn,
       ExecutorService pool, Deque<LoadQueueItem> queue,
       final Multimap<ByteBuffer, LoadQueueItem> regionGroups) throws IOException {
     // atomically bulk load the groups.
     Set<Future<List<LoadQueueItem>>> loadingFutures = new HashSet<Future<List<LoadQueueItem>>>();
     for (Entry<ByteBuffer, ? extends Collection<LoadQueueItem>> e: regionGroups.asMap().entrySet()) {
       final byte[] first = e.getKey().array();
       final Collection<LoadQueueItem> lqis =  e.getValue();
 
       final Callable<List<LoadQueueItem>> call = new Callable<List<LoadQueueItem>>() {
         @Override
         public List<LoadQueueItem> call() throws Exception {
           List<LoadQueueItem> toRetry =
               tryAtomicRegionLoad(conn, table.getName(), first, lqis);
           return toRetry;
         }
       };
       loadingFutures.add(pool.submit(call));
     }
 
     // get all the results.
     for (Future<List<LoadQueueItem>> future : loadingFutures) {
       try {
         List<LoadQueueItem> toRetry = future.get();
 
         // LQIs that are requeued to be regrouped.
         queue.addAll(toRetry);
 
       } catch (ExecutionException e1) {
         Throwable t = e1.getCause();
         if (t instanceof IOException) {
           // At this point something unrecoverable has happened.
           // TODO Implement bulk load recovery
           throw new IOException("BulkLoad encountered an unrecoverable problem", t);
         }
         LOG.error("Unexpected execution exception during bulk load", e1);
         throw new IllegalStateException(t);
       } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
         LOG.error("Unexpected interrupted exception during bulk load", e1);
         throw (InterruptedIOException)new InterruptedIOException().initCause(e1);
       }
     }
   }
 
   private boolean checkHFilesCountPerRegionPerFamily(
       final Multimap<ByteBuffer, LoadQueueItem> regionGroups) {
     for (Entry<ByteBuffer,
         ? extends Collection<LoadQueueItem>> e: regionGroups.asMap().entrySet()) {
       final Collection<LoadQueueItem> lqis =  e.getValue();
       HashMap<byte[], MutableInt> filesMap = new HashMap<byte[], MutableInt>();
       for (LoadQueueItem lqi: lqis) {
         MutableInt count = filesMap.get(lqi.family);
         if (count == null) {
           count = new MutableInt();
           filesMap.put(lqi.family, count);
         }
         count.increment();
         if (count.intValue() > maxFilesPerRegionPerFamily) {
           LOG.error("Trying to load more than " + maxFilesPerRegionPerFamily
             + " hfiles to family " + Bytes.toStringBinary(lqi.family)
             + " of region with start key "
             + Bytes.toStringBinary(e.getKey()));
           return false;
         }
       }
     }
     return true;
   }
 
   /**
    * @return A Multimap<startkey, LoadQueueItem> that groups LQI by likely
    * bulk load region targets.
    */
   private Multimap<ByteBuffer, LoadQueueItem> groupOrSplitPhase(final Table table,
       ExecutorService pool, Deque<LoadQueueItem> queue,
       final Pair<byte[][], byte[][]> startEndKeys) throws IOException {
     // <region start key, LQI> need synchronized only within this scope of this
     // phase because of the puts that happen in futures.
     Multimap<ByteBuffer, LoadQueueItem> rgs = HashMultimap.create();
     final Multimap<ByteBuffer, LoadQueueItem> regionGroups = Multimaps.synchronizedMultimap(rgs);
 
     // drain LQIs and figure out bulk load groups
     Set<Future<List<LoadQueueItem>>> splittingFutures = new HashSet<Future<List<LoadQueueItem>>>();
     while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
       final LoadQueueItem item = queue.remove();
 
       final Callable<List<LoadQueueItem>> call = new Callable<List<LoadQueueItem>>() {
         @Override
         public List<LoadQueueItem> call() throws Exception {
           List<LoadQueueItem> splits = groupOrSplit(regionGroups, item, table, startEndKeys);
           return splits;
         }
       };
       splittingFutures.add(pool.submit(call));
     }
     // get all the results.  All grouping and splitting must finish before
     // we can attempt the atomic loads.
     for (Future<List<LoadQueueItem>> lqis : splittingFutures) {
       try {
         List<LoadQueueItem> splits = lqis.get();
         if (splits != null) {
           queue.addAll(splits);
         }
       } catch (ExecutionException e1) {
         Throwable t = e1.getCause();
         if (t instanceof IOException) {
           LOG.error("IOException during splitting", e1);
           throw (IOException)t; // would have been thrown if not parallelized,
         }
         LOG.error("Unexpected execution exception during splitting", e1);
         throw new IllegalStateException(t);
       } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
         LOG.error("Unexpected interrupted exception during splitting", e1);
         throw (InterruptedIOException)new InterruptedIOException().initCause(e1);
       }
     }
     return regionGroups;
   }
 
   // unique file name for the table
   private String getUniqueName() {
     return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
   }
 
   protected List<LoadQueueItem> splitStoreFile(final LoadQueueItem item,
       final Table table, byte[] startKey,
       byte[] splitKey) throws IOException {
     final Path hfilePath = item.hfilePath;
 
     // We use a '_' prefix which is ignored when walking directory trees
     // above.
     final Path tmpDir = new Path(item.hfilePath.getParent(), "_tmp");
 
     LOG.info("HFile at " + hfilePath + " no longer fits inside a single " +
     "region. Splitting...");
 
     String uniqueName = getUniqueName();
     HColumnDescriptor familyDesc = table.getTableDescriptor().getFamily(item.family);
     Path botOut = new Path(tmpDir, uniqueName + ".bottom");
     Path topOut = new Path(tmpDir, uniqueName + ".top");
     splitStoreFile(getConf(), hfilePath, familyDesc, splitKey,
         botOut, topOut);
 
     FileSystem fs = tmpDir.getFileSystem(getConf());
     fs.setPermission(tmpDir, FsPermission.valueOf("-rwxrwxrwx"));
     fs.setPermission(botOut, FsPermission.valueOf("-rwxrwxrwx"));
     fs.setPermission(topOut, FsPermission.valueOf("-rwxrwxrwx"));
 
     // Add these back at the *front* of the queue, so there's a lower
     // chance that the region will just split again before we get there.
     List<LoadQueueItem> lqis = new ArrayList<LoadQueueItem>(2);
     lqis.add(new LoadQueueItem(item.family, botOut));
     lqis.add(new LoadQueueItem(item.family, topOut));
 
     LOG.info("Successfully split into new HFiles " + botOut + " and " + topOut);
     return lqis;
   }
 
   /**
    * Attempt to assign the given load queue item into its target region group.
    * If the hfile boundary no longer fits into a region, physically splits
    * the hfile such that the new bottom half will fit and returns the list of
    * LQI's corresponding to the resultant hfiles.
    *
    * protected for testing
    * @throws IOException
    */
   protected List<LoadQueueItem> groupOrSplit(Multimap<ByteBuffer, LoadQueueItem> regionGroups,
       final LoadQueueItem item, final Table table,
       final Pair<byte[][], byte[][]> startEndKeys)
       throws IOException {
     final Path hfilePath = item.hfilePath;
     HFile.Reader hfr = HFile.createReader(fs, hfilePath,
         new CacheConfig(getConf()), getConf());
     final byte[] first, last;
     try {
       hfr.loadFileInfo();
       first = hfr.getFirstRowKey();
       last = hfr.getLastRowKey();
     }  finally {
       hfr.close();
     }
 
     LOG.info("Trying to load hfile=" + hfilePath +
         " first=" + Bytes.toStringBinary(first) +
         " last="  + Bytes.toStringBinary(last));
     if (first == null || last == null) {
       assert first == null && last == null;
       // TODO what if this is due to a bad HFile?
       LOG.info("hfile " + hfilePath + " has no entries, skipping");
       return null;
     }
     if (Bytes.compareTo(first, last) > 0) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException(
       "Invalid range: " + Bytes.toStringBinary(first) +
       " > " + Bytes.toStringBinary(last));
     }
     int idx = Arrays.binarySearch(startEndKeys.getFirst(), first,
         Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR);
     if (idx < 0) {
       // not on boundary, returns -(insertion index).  Calculate region it
       // would be in.
       idx = -(idx + 1) - 1;
     }
     final int indexForCallable = idx;
 
     /**
      * we can consider there is a region hole in following conditions. 1) if idx < 0,then first
      * region info is lost. 2) if the endkey of a region is not equal to the startkey of the next
      * region. 3) if the endkey of the last region is not empty.
      */
     if (indexForCallable < 0) {
       throw new IOException("The first region info for table "
           + table.getName()
           + " cann't be found in hbase:meta.Please use hbck tool to fix it first.");
     } else if ((indexForCallable == startEndKeys.getFirst().length - 1)
         && !Bytes.equals(startEndKeys.getSecond()[indexForCallable], HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY)) {
       throw new IOException("The last region info for table "
           + table.getName()
           + " cann't be found in hbase:meta.Please use hbck tool to fix it first.");
     } else if (indexForCallable + 1 < startEndKeys.getFirst().length
         && !(Bytes.compareTo(startEndKeys.getSecond()[indexForCallable],
           startEndKeys.getFirst()[indexForCallable + 1]) == 0)) {
       throw new IOException("The endkey of one region for table "
           + table.getName()
           + " is not equal to the startkey of the next region in hbase:meta."
           + "Please use hbck tool to fix it first.");
     }
 
     boolean lastKeyInRange =
       Bytes.compareTo(last, startEndKeys.getSecond()[idx]) < 0 ||
       Bytes.equals(startEndKeys.getSecond()[idx], HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
     if (!lastKeyInRange) {
       List<LoadQueueItem> lqis = splitStoreFile(item, table,
           startEndKeys.getFirst()[indexForCallable],
           startEndKeys.getSecond()[indexForCallable]);
       return lqis;
     }
 
     // group regions.
     regionGroups.put(ByteBuffer.wrap(startEndKeys.getFirst()[idx]), item);
     return null;
   }
 
   /**
    * @deprecated As of release 0.96
    *             (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HBASE-9508">HBASE-9508</a>).
    *             This will be removed in HBase 2.0.0.
    *             Use {@link #tryAtomicRegionLoad(Connection, TableName, byte[], Collection)}.
    */
   @Deprecated
   protected List<LoadQueueItem> tryAtomicRegionLoad(final HConnection conn,
       final byte [] tableName, final byte[] first, Collection<LoadQueueItem> lqis)
   throws IOException {
     return tryAtomicRegionLoad(conn, TableName.valueOf(tableName), first, lqis);
   }
 
   /**
    * Attempts to do an atomic load of many hfiles into a region.  If it fails,
    * it returns a list of hfiles that need to be retried.  If it is successful
    * it will return an empty list.
    *
    * NOTE: To maintain row atomicity guarantees, region server callable should
    * succeed atomically and fails atomically.
    *
    * Protected for testing.
    *
    * @return empty list if success, list of items to retry on recoverable
    * failure
    */
   protected List<LoadQueueItem> tryAtomicRegionLoad(final Connection conn,
       final TableName tableName, final byte[] first, Collection<LoadQueueItem> lqis)
   throws IOException {
     final List<Pair<byte[], String>> famPaths =
       new ArrayList<Pair<byte[], String>>(lqis.size());
     for (LoadQueueItem lqi : lqis) {
       famPaths.add(Pair.newPair(lqi.family, lqi.hfilePath.toString()));
     }
 
     final RegionServerCallable<Boolean> svrCallable =
         new RegionServerCallable<Boolean>(conn, tableName, first) {
       @Override
       public Boolean call(int callTimeout) throws Exception {
         SecureBulkLoadClient secureClient = null;
         boolean success = false;
 
         try {
           LOG.debug("Going to connect to server " + getLocation() + " for row "
               + Bytes.toStringBinary(getRow()) + " with hfile group " + famPaths);
           byte[] regionName = getLocation().getRegionInfo().getRegionName();
           if (!isSecureBulkLoadEndpointAvailable()) {
             success = ProtobufUtil.bulkLoadHFile(getStub(), famPaths, regionName, assignSeqIds);
           } else {
             try (Table table = conn.getTable(getTableName())) {
               secureClient = new SecureBulkLoadClient(table);
               success = secureClient.bulkLoadHFiles(famPaths, fsDelegationToken.getUserToken(),
                 bulkToken, getLocation().getRegionInfo().getStartKey());
             }
           }
           return success;
         } finally {
           //Best effort copying of files that might not have been imported
           //from the staging directory back to original location
           //in user directory
           if(secureClient != null && !success) {
             FileSystem targetFs = FileSystem.get(getConf());
             // Check to see if the source and target filesystems are the same
             // If they are the same filesystem, we will try move the files back
             // because previously we moved them to the staging directory.
             if (FSHDFSUtils.isSameHdfs(getConf(), fs, targetFs)) {
               for(Pair<byte[], String> el : famPaths) {
                 Path hfileStagingPath = null;
                 Path hfileOrigPath = new Path(el.getSecond());
                 try {
                   hfileStagingPath= new Path(secureClient.getStagingPath(bulkToken, el.getFirst()),
                     hfileOrigPath.getName());
                   if(targetFs.rename(hfileStagingPath, hfileOrigPath)) {
                     LOG.debug("Moved back file " + hfileOrigPath + " from " +
                         hfileStagingPath);
                   } else if(targetFs.exists(hfileStagingPath)){
                     LOG.debug("Unable to move back file " + hfileOrigPath + " from " +
                         hfileStagingPath);
                   }
                 } catch(Exception ex) {
                   LOG.debug("Unable to move back file " + hfileOrigPath + " from " +
                       hfileStagingPath, ex);
                 }
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     };
 
     try {
       List<LoadQueueItem> toRetry = new ArrayList<LoadQueueItem>();
       Configuration conf = getConf();
       boolean success = RpcRetryingCallerFactory.instantiate(conf,
           null).<Boolean> newCaller()
           .callWithRetries(svrCallable, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
       if (!success) {
         LOG.warn("Attempt to bulk load region containing "
             + Bytes.toStringBinary(first) + " into table "
             + tableName  + " with files " + lqis
             + " failed.  This is recoverable and they will be retried.");
         toRetry.addAll(lqis); // return lqi's to retry
       }
       // success
       return toRetry;
     } catch (IOException e) {
       LOG.error("Encountered unrecoverable error from region server, additional details: "
           + svrCallable.getExceptionMessageAdditionalDetail(), e);
       throw e;
     }
   }
 
   private boolean isSecureBulkLoadEndpointAvailable() {
     String classes = getConf().get(CoprocessorHost.REGION_COPROCESSOR_CONF_KEY, "");
     return classes.contains("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.access.SecureBulkLoadEndpoint");
   }
 
   /**
    * Split a storefile into a top and bottom half, maintaining
    * the metadata, recreating bloom filters, etc.
    */
   static void splitStoreFile(
       Configuration conf, Path inFile,
       HColumnDescriptor familyDesc, byte[] splitKey,
       Path bottomOut, Path topOut) throws IOException
   {
     // Open reader with no block cache, and not in-memory
     Reference topReference = Reference.createTopReference(splitKey);
     Reference bottomReference = Reference.createBottomReference(splitKey);
 
     copyHFileHalf(conf, inFile, topOut, topReference, familyDesc);
     copyHFileHalf(conf, inFile, bottomOut, bottomReference, familyDesc);
   }
 
   /**
    * Copy half of an HFile into a new HFile.
    */
   private static void copyHFileHalf(
       Configuration conf, Path inFile, Path outFile, Reference reference,
       HColumnDescriptor familyDescriptor)
   throws IOException {
     FileSystem fs = inFile.getFileSystem(conf);
     CacheConfig cacheConf = new CacheConfig(conf);
     HalfStoreFileReader halfReader = null;
     StoreFile.Writer halfWriter = null;
     try {
       halfReader = new HalfStoreFileReader(fs, inFile, cacheConf, reference, conf);
       Map<byte[], byte[]> fileInfo = halfReader.loadFileInfo();
 
       int blocksize = familyDescriptor.getBlocksize();
       Algorithm compression = familyDescriptor.getCompression();
       BloomType bloomFilterType = familyDescriptor.getBloomFilterType();
       HFileContext hFileContext = new HFileContextBuilder()
                                   .withCompression(compression)
                                   .withChecksumType(HStore.getChecksumType(conf))
                                   .withBytesPerCheckSum(HStore.getBytesPerChecksum(conf))
                                   .withBlockSize(blocksize)
                                   .withDataBlockEncoding(familyDescriptor.getDataBlockEncoding())
                                   .withIncludesTags(true)
                                   .build();
       halfWriter = new StoreFile.WriterBuilder(conf, cacheConf,
           fs)
               .withFilePath(outFile)
               .withBloomType(bloomFilterType)
               .withFileContext(hFileContext)
               .build();
       HFileScanner scanner = halfReader.getScanner(false, false, false);
       scanner.seekTo();
       do {
         KeyValue kv = KeyValueUtil.ensureKeyValue(scanner.getKeyValue());
         halfWriter.append(kv);
       } while (scanner.next());
 
       for (Map.Entry<byte[],byte[]> entry : fileInfo.entrySet()) {
         if (shouldCopyHFileMetaKey(entry.getKey())) {
           halfWriter.appendFileInfo(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
         }
       }
     } finally {
       if (halfWriter != null) halfWriter.close();
       if (halfReader != null) halfReader.close(cacheConf.shouldEvictOnClose());
     }
   }
 
   private static boolean shouldCopyHFileMetaKey(byte[] key) {
     // skip encoding to keep hfile meta consistent with data block info, see HBASE-15085
     if (Bytes.equals(key, HFileDataBlockEncoder.DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING)) {
       return false;
     }
 
     return !HFile.isReservedFileInfoKey(key);
   }
 
   private boolean doesTableExist(TableName tableName) throws Exception {
     return hbAdmin.tableExists(tableName);
   }
 
   /*
    * Infers region boundaries for a new table.
    * Parameter:
    *   bdryMap is a map between keys to an integer belonging to {+1, -1}
    *     If a key is a start key of a file, then it maps to +1
    *     If a key is an end key of a file, then it maps to -1
    * Algo:
    * 1) Poll on the keys in order:
    *    a) Keep adding the mapped values to these keys (runningSum)
    *    b) Each time runningSum reaches 0, add the start Key from when the runningSum had started to a boundary list.
    * 2) Return the boundary list.
    */
   public static byte[][] inferBoundaries(TreeMap<byte[], Integer> bdryMap) {
     ArrayList<byte[]> keysArray = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
     int runningValue = 0;
     byte[] currStartKey = null;
     boolean firstBoundary = true;
 
     for (Map.Entry<byte[], Integer> item: bdryMap.entrySet()) {
       if (runningValue == 0) currStartKey = item.getKey();
       runningValue += item.getValue();
       if (runningValue == 0) {
         if (!firstBoundary) keysArray.add(currStartKey);
         firstBoundary = false;
       }
     }
 
     return keysArray.toArray(new byte[0][0]);
   }
 
   /*
    * If the table is created for the first time, then "completebulkload" reads the files twice.
    * More modifications necessary if we want to avoid doing it.
    */
   private void createTable(TableName tableName, String dirPath) throws Exception {
     final Path hfofDir = new Path(dirPath);
     final FileSystem fs = hfofDir.getFileSystem(getConf());
 
     // Add column families
     // Build a set of keys
     final HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
     final TreeMap<byte[], Integer> map = new TreeMap<byte[], Integer>(Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR);
     visitBulkHFiles(fs, hfofDir, new BulkHFileVisitor<HColumnDescriptor>() {
       @Override
       public HColumnDescriptor bulkFamily(final byte[] familyName) {
         HColumnDescriptor hcd = new HColumnDescriptor(familyName);
         htd.addFamily(hcd);
         return hcd;
       }
       @Override
       public void bulkHFile(final HColumnDescriptor hcd, final FileStatus hfileStatus)
           throws IOException {
         Path hfile = hfileStatus.getPath();
         HFile.Reader reader = HFile.createReader(fs, hfile,
             new CacheConfig(getConf()), getConf());
         try {
           if (hcd.getCompressionType() != reader.getFileContext().getCompression()) {
             hcd.setCompressionType(reader.getFileContext().getCompression());
             LOG.info("Setting compression " + hcd.getCompressionType().name() +
                      " for family " + hcd.toString());
           }
           reader.loadFileInfo();
           byte[] first = reader.getFirstRowKey();
           byte[] last  = reader.getLastRowKey();
 
           LOG.info("Trying to figure out region boundaries hfile=" + hfile +
             " first=" + Bytes.toStringBinary(first) +
             " last="  + Bytes.toStringBinary(last));
 
           // To eventually infer start key-end key boundaries
           Integer value = map.containsKey(first)? map.get(first):0;
           map.put(first, value+1);
 
           value = map.containsKey(last)? map.get(last):0;
           map.put(last, value-1);
         } finally {
           reader.close();
         }
       }
     });
 
     byte[][] keys = LoadIncrementalHFiles.inferBoundaries(map);
     this.hbAdmin.createTable(htd,keys);
 
     LOG.info("Table "+ tableName +" is available!!");
   }
 
   @Override
   public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
     if (args.length != 2) {
       usage();
       return -1;
     }
 
     initialize();
 
     String dirPath = args[0];
     TableName tableName = TableName.valueOf(args[1]);
 
     boolean tableExists = this.doesTableExist(tableName);
     if (!tableExists) {
       if ("yes".equalsIgnoreCase(getConf().get(CREATE_TABLE_CONF_KEY, "yes"))) {
         this.createTable(tableName, dirPath);
       } else {
         String errorMsg = format("Table '%s' does not exist.", tableName);
         LOG.error(errorMsg);
         throw new TableNotFoundException(errorMsg);
       }
     }
 
     Path hfofDir = new Path(dirPath);
 
     try (Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(getConf());
         HTable table = (HTable) connection.getTable(tableName);) {
       doBulkLoad(hfofDir, table);
     }
     return 0;
   }
 
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
     int ret = ToolRunner.run(conf, new LoadIncrementalHFiles(), args);
     System.exit(ret);
   }
 
 }