/**
    *
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce;
  
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.net.URL;
  import java.net.URLDecoder;
  import java.util.*;
  import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
  import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
  
  import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MetaTableAccessor;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceStability;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.User;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.UserProvider;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.token.TokenUtil;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Base64;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.zookeeper.ZKConfig;
  import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputFormat;
  import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
  import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
  
  /**
   * Utility for {@link TableMapper} and {@link TableReducer}
   */
  @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
  @InterfaceAudience.Public
  @InterfaceStability.Stable
  public class TableMapReduceUtil {
    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(TableMapReduceUtil.class);
  
    /**
     * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
     * the job.
     *
     * @param table  The table name to read from.
     * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
     * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
     * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
     * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
     * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
     * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
     * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
     */
    public static void initTableMapperJob(String table, Scan scan,
        Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
        Class<?> outputKeyClass,
        Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job)
    throws IOException {
      initTableMapperJob(table, scan, mapper, outputKeyClass, outputValueClass,
          job, true);
    }
  
  
    /**
     * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
     * the job.
     *
     * @param table  The table name to read from.
     * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
     * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
     * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
     * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(TableName table,
       Scan scan,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass,
       Job job) throws IOException {
     initTableMapperJob(table.getNameAsString(),
         scan,
         mapper,
         outputKeyClass,
         outputValueClass,
         job,
         true);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
    * the job.
    *
    * @param table Binary representation of the table name to read from.
    * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
    * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
    public static void initTableMapperJob(byte[] table, Scan scan,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job)
   throws IOException {
       initTableMapperJob(Bytes.toString(table), scan, mapper, outputKeyClass, outputValueClass,
               job, true);
   }
 
    /**
     * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
     * the job.
     *
     * @param table  The table name to read from.
     * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
     * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
     * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
     * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
     * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
     * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
     * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
     *           job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
     * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
     */
    public static void initTableMapperJob(String table, Scan scan,
        Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
        Class<?> outputKeyClass,
        Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
        boolean addDependencyJars, Class<? extends InputFormat> inputFormatClass)
    throws IOException {
      initTableMapperJob(table, scan, mapper, outputKeyClass, outputValueClass, job,
          addDependencyJars, true, inputFormatClass);
    }
 
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
    * the job.
    *
    * @param table  The table name to read from.
    * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
    * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
    *           job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    * @param initCredentials whether to initialize hbase auth credentials for the job
    * @param inputFormatClass the input format
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(String table, Scan scan,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
       boolean addDependencyJars, boolean initCredentials,
       Class<? extends InputFormat> inputFormatClass)
   throws IOException {
     job.setInputFormatClass(inputFormatClass);
     if (outputValueClass != null) job.setMapOutputValueClass(outputValueClass);
     if (outputKeyClass != null) job.setMapOutputKeyClass(outputKeyClass);
     job.setMapperClass(mapper);
     if (Put.class.equals(outputValueClass)) {
       job.setCombinerClass(PutCombiner.class);
     }
     Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration();
     HBaseConfiguration.merge(conf, HBaseConfiguration.create(conf));
     conf.set(TableInputFormat.INPUT_TABLE, table);
     conf.set(TableInputFormat.SCAN, convertScanToString(scan));
     conf.setStrings("io.serializations", conf.get("io.serializations"),
         MutationSerialization.class.getName(), ResultSerialization.class.getName(),
         KeyValueSerialization.class.getName());
     if (addDependencyJars) {
       addDependencyJars(job);
     }
     if (initCredentials) {
       initCredentials(job);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
    * the job.
    *
    * @param table Binary representation of the table name to read from.
    * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
    * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
    *           job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    * @param inputFormatClass The class of the input format
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(byte[] table, Scan scan,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
       boolean addDependencyJars, Class<? extends InputFormat> inputFormatClass)
   throws IOException {
       initTableMapperJob(Bytes.toString(table), scan, mapper, outputKeyClass,
               outputValueClass, job, addDependencyJars, inputFormatClass);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
    * the job.
    *
    * @param table Binary representation of the table name to read from.
    * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
    * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
    *           job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(byte[] table, Scan scan,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
       boolean addDependencyJars)
   throws IOException {
       initTableMapperJob(Bytes.toString(table), scan, mapper, outputKeyClass,
               outputValueClass, job, addDependencyJars, TableInputFormat.class);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableMap job. It will appropriately set up
    * the job.
    *
    * @param table The table name to read from.
    * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
    * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
    *           job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(String table, Scan scan,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
       boolean addDependencyJars)
   throws IOException {
       initTableMapperJob(table, scan, mapper, outputKeyClass,
               outputValueClass, job, addDependencyJars, TableInputFormat.class);
   }
 
   /**
    * Enable a basic on-heap cache for these jobs. Any BlockCache implementation based on
    * direct memory will likely cause the map tasks to OOM when opening the region. This
    * is done here instead of in TableSnapshotRegionRecordReader in case an advanced user
    * wants to override this behavior in their job.
    */
   public static void resetCacheConfig(Configuration conf) {
     conf.setFloat(
       HConstants.HFILE_BLOCK_CACHE_SIZE_KEY, HConstants.HFILE_BLOCK_CACHE_SIZE_DEFAULT);
     conf.setFloat(HConstants.BUCKET_CACHE_SIZE_KEY, 0f);
     conf.unset(HConstants.BUCKET_CACHE_IOENGINE_KEY);
   }
 
   /**
    * Sets up the job for reading from one or more table snapshots, with one or more scans
    * per snapshot.
    * It bypasses hbase servers and read directly from snapshot files.
    *
    * @param snapshotScans     map of snapshot name to scans on that snapshot.
    * @param mapper            The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass    The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job               The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    *                          carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
    *                          job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    */
   public static void initMultiTableSnapshotMapperJob(Map<String, Collection<Scan>> snapshotScans,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper, Class<?> outputKeyClass, Class<?> outputValueClass,
       Job job, boolean addDependencyJars, Path tmpRestoreDir) throws IOException {
     MultiTableSnapshotInputFormat.setInput(job.getConfiguration(), snapshotScans, tmpRestoreDir);
 
     job.setInputFormatClass(MultiTableSnapshotInputFormat.class);
     if (outputValueClass != null) {
       job.setMapOutputValueClass(outputValueClass);
     }
     if (outputKeyClass != null) {
       job.setMapOutputKeyClass(outputKeyClass);
     }
     job.setMapperClass(mapper);
     Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration();
     HBaseConfiguration.merge(conf, HBaseConfiguration.create(conf));
 
     if (addDependencyJars) {
       addDependencyJars(job);
     }
 
     resetCacheConfig(job.getConfiguration());
   }
 
   /**
    * Sets up the job for reading from a table snapshot. It bypasses hbase servers
    * and read directly from snapshot files.
    *
    * @param snapshotName The name of the snapshot (of a table) to read from.
    * @param scan  The scan instance with the columns, time range etc.
    * @param mapper  The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass  The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass  The class of the output value.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
    *           job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    *
    * @param tmpRestoreDir a temporary directory to copy the snapshot files into. Current user should
    * have write permissions to this directory, and this should not be a subdirectory of rootdir.
    * After the job is finished, restore directory can be deleted.
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    * @see TableSnapshotInputFormat
    */
   public static void initTableSnapshotMapperJob(String snapshotName, Scan scan,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
       boolean addDependencyJars, Path tmpRestoreDir)
   throws IOException {
     TableSnapshotInputFormat.setInput(job, snapshotName, tmpRestoreDir);
     initTableMapperJob(snapshotName, scan, mapper, outputKeyClass,
         outputValueClass, job, addDependencyJars, false, TableSnapshotInputFormat.class);
     resetCacheConfig(job.getConfiguration());
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a Multi TableMap job. It will appropriately set
    * up the job.
    *
    * @param scans The list of {@link Scan} objects to read from.
    * @param mapper The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass The class of the output value.
    * @param job The current job to adjust. Make sure the passed job is carrying
    *          all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(List<Scan> scans,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job) throws IOException {
     initTableMapperJob(scans, mapper, outputKeyClass, outputValueClass, job,
         true);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a Multi TableMap job. It will appropriately set
    * up the job.
    *
    * @param scans The list of {@link Scan} objects to read from.
    * @param mapper The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass The class of the output value.
    * @param job The current job to adjust. Make sure the passed job is carrying
    *          all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the
    *          configured job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(List<Scan> scans,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
       boolean addDependencyJars) throws IOException {
     initTableMapperJob(scans, mapper, outputKeyClass, outputValueClass, job,
       addDependencyJars, true);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a Multi TableMap job. It will appropriately set
    * up the job.
    *
    * @param scans The list of {@link Scan} objects to read from.
    * @param mapper The mapper class to use.
    * @param outputKeyClass The class of the output key.
    * @param outputValueClass The class of the output value.
    * @param job The current job to adjust. Make sure the passed job is carrying
    *          all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the
    *          configured job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    * @param initCredentials whether to initialize hbase auth credentials for the job
    * @throws IOException When setting up the details fails.
    */
   public static void initTableMapperJob(List<Scan> scans,
       Class<? extends TableMapper> mapper,
       Class<?> outputKeyClass,
       Class<?> outputValueClass, Job job,
       boolean addDependencyJars,
       boolean initCredentials) throws IOException {
     job.setInputFormatClass(MultiTableInputFormat.class);
     if (outputValueClass != null) {
       job.setMapOutputValueClass(outputValueClass);
     }
     if (outputKeyClass != null) {
       job.setMapOutputKeyClass(outputKeyClass);
     }
     job.setMapperClass(mapper);
     Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration();
     HBaseConfiguration.merge(conf, HBaseConfiguration.create(conf));
     List<String> scanStrings = new ArrayList<String>();
 
     for (Scan scan : scans) {
       scanStrings.add(convertScanToString(scan));
     }
     job.getConfiguration().setStrings(MultiTableInputFormat.SCANS,
       scanStrings.toArray(new String[scanStrings.size()]));
 
     if (addDependencyJars) {
       addDependencyJars(job);
     }
 
     if (initCredentials) {
       initCredentials(job);
     }
   }
 
   public static void initCredentials(Job job) throws IOException {
     UserProvider userProvider = UserProvider.instantiate(job.getConfiguration());
     if (userProvider.isHadoopSecurityEnabled()) {
       // propagate delegation related props from launcher job to MR job
       if (System.getenv("HADOOP_TOKEN_FILE_LOCATION") != null) {
         job.getConfiguration().set("mapreduce.job.credentials.binary",
                                    System.getenv("HADOOP_TOKEN_FILE_LOCATION"));
       }
     }
 
     if (userProvider.isHBaseSecurityEnabled()) {
       try {
         // init credentials for remote cluster
         String quorumAddress = job.getConfiguration().get(TableOutputFormat.QUORUM_ADDRESS);
         User user = userProvider.getCurrent();
         if (quorumAddress != null) {
           Configuration peerConf = HBaseConfiguration.createClusterConf(job.getConfiguration(),
               quorumAddress, TableOutputFormat.OUTPUT_CONF_PREFIX);
           Connection peerConn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(peerConf);
           try {
             TokenUtil.addTokenForJob(peerConn, user, job);
           } finally {
             peerConn.close();
           }
         }
 
         Connection conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(job.getConfiguration());
         try {
           TokenUtil.addTokenForJob(conn, user, job);
         } finally {
           conn.close();
         }
       } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
         LOG.info("Interrupted obtaining user authentication token");
         Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
       }
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Obtain an authentication token, for the specified cluster, on behalf of the current user
    * and add it to the credentials for the given map reduce job.
    *
    * The quorumAddress is the key to the ZK ensemble, which contains:
    * hbase.zookeeper.quorum, hbase.zookeeper.client.port and
    * zookeeper.znode.parent
    *
    * @param job The job that requires the permission.
    * @param quorumAddress string that contains the 3 required configuratins
    * @throws IOException When the authentication token cannot be obtained.
    * @deprecated Since 1.2.0, use {@link #initCredentialsForCluster(Job, Configuration)} instead.
    */
   @Deprecated
   public static void initCredentialsForCluster(Job job, String quorumAddress)
       throws IOException {
     Configuration peerConf = HBaseConfiguration.createClusterConf(job.getConfiguration(),
         quorumAddress);
     initCredentialsForCluster(job, peerConf);
   }
 
   /**
    * Obtain an authentication token, for the specified cluster, on behalf of the current user
    * and add it to the credentials for the given map reduce job.
    *
    * @param job The job that requires the permission.
    * @param conf The configuration to use in connecting to the peer cluster
    * @throws IOException When the authentication token cannot be obtained.
    */
   public static void initCredentialsForCluster(Job job, Configuration conf)
       throws IOException {
     UserProvider userProvider = UserProvider.instantiate(job.getConfiguration());
     if (userProvider.isHBaseSecurityEnabled()) {
       try {
         Connection peerConn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
         try {
           TokenUtil.addTokenForJob(peerConn, userProvider.getCurrent(), job);
         } finally {
           peerConn.close();
         }
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         LOG.info("Interrupted obtaining user authentication token");
         Thread.interrupted();
       }
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Writes the given scan into a Base64 encoded string.
    *
    * @param scan  The scan to write out.
    * @return The scan saved in a Base64 encoded string.
    * @throws IOException When writing the scan fails.
    */
   static String convertScanToString(Scan scan) throws IOException {
     ClientProtos.Scan proto = ProtobufUtil.toScan(scan);
     return Base64.encodeBytes(proto.toByteArray());
   }
 
   /**
    * Converts the given Base64 string back into a Scan instance.
    *
    * @param base64  The scan details.
    * @return The newly created Scan instance.
    * @throws IOException When reading the scan instance fails.
    */
   static Scan convertStringToScan(String base64) throws IOException {
     byte [] decoded = Base64.decode(base64);
     ClientProtos.Scan scan;
     try {
       scan = ClientProtos.Scan.parseFrom(decoded);
     } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException ipbe) {
       throw new IOException(ipbe);
     }
 
     return ProtobufUtil.toScan(scan);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableReduce job. It will
    * appropriately set up the JobConf.
    *
    * @param table  The output table.
    * @param reducer  The reducer class to use.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.
    * @throws IOException When determining the region count fails.
    */
   public static void initTableReducerJob(String table,
     Class<? extends TableReducer> reducer, Job job)
   throws IOException {
     initTableReducerJob(table, reducer, job, null);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableReduce job. It will
    * appropriately set up the JobConf.
    *
    * @param table  The output table.
    * @param reducer  The reducer class to use.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.
    * @param partitioner  Partitioner to use. Pass <code>null</code> to use
    * default partitioner.
    * @throws IOException When determining the region count fails.
    */
   public static void initTableReducerJob(String table,
     Class<? extends TableReducer> reducer, Job job,
     Class partitioner) throws IOException {
     initTableReducerJob(table, reducer, job, partitioner, null, null, null);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableReduce job. It will
    * appropriately set up the JobConf.
    *
    * @param table  The output table.
    * @param reducer  The reducer class to use.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param partitioner  Partitioner to use. Pass <code>null</code> to use
    * default partitioner.
    * @param quorumAddress Distant cluster to write to; default is null for
    * output to the cluster that is designated in <code>hbase-site.xml</code>.
    * Set this String to the zookeeper ensemble of an alternate remote cluster
    * when you would have the reduce write a cluster that is other than the
    * default; e.g. copying tables between clusters, the source would be
    * designated by <code>hbase-site.xml</code> and this param would have the
    * ensemble address of the remote cluster.  The format to pass is particular.
    * Pass <code> &lt;hbase.zookeeper.quorum&gt;:&lt;
    *             hbase.zookeeper.client.port&gt;:&lt;zookeeper.znode.parent&gt;
    * </code> such as <code>server,server2,server3:2181:/hbase</code>.
    * @param serverClass redefined hbase.regionserver.class
    * @param serverImpl redefined hbase.regionserver.impl
    * @throws IOException When determining the region count fails.
    */
   public static void initTableReducerJob(String table,
     Class<? extends TableReducer> reducer, Job job,
     Class partitioner, String quorumAddress, String serverClass,
     String serverImpl) throws IOException {
     initTableReducerJob(table, reducer, job, partitioner, quorumAddress,
         serverClass, serverImpl, true);
   }
 
   /**
    * Use this before submitting a TableReduce job. It will
    * appropriately set up the JobConf.
    *
    * @param table  The output table.
    * @param reducer  The reducer class to use.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.  Make sure the passed job is
    * carrying all necessary HBase configuration.
    * @param partitioner  Partitioner to use. Pass <code>null</code> to use
    * default partitioner.
    * @param quorumAddress Distant cluster to write to; default is null for
    * output to the cluster that is designated in <code>hbase-site.xml</code>.
    * Set this String to the zookeeper ensemble of an alternate remote cluster
    * when you would have the reduce write a cluster that is other than the
    * default; e.g. copying tables between clusters, the source would be
    * designated by <code>hbase-site.xml</code> and this param would have the
    * ensemble address of the remote cluster.  The format to pass is particular.
    * Pass <code> &lt;hbase.zookeeper.quorum&gt;:&lt;
    *             hbase.zookeeper.client.port&gt;:&lt;zookeeper.znode.parent&gt;
    * </code> such as <code>server,server2,server3:2181:/hbase</code>.
    * @param serverClass redefined hbase.regionserver.class
    * @param serverImpl redefined hbase.regionserver.impl
    * @param addDependencyJars upload HBase jars and jars for any of the configured
    *           job classes via the distributed cache (tmpjars).
    * @throws IOException When determining the region count fails.
    */
   public static void initTableReducerJob(String table,
     Class<? extends TableReducer> reducer, Job job,
     Class partitioner, String quorumAddress, String serverClass,
     String serverImpl, boolean addDependencyJars) throws IOException {
 
     Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration();
     HBaseConfiguration.merge(conf, HBaseConfiguration.create(conf));
     job.setOutputFormatClass(TableOutputFormat.class);
     if (reducer != null) job.setReducerClass(reducer);
     conf.set(TableOutputFormat.OUTPUT_TABLE, table);
     conf.setStrings("io.serializations", conf.get("io.serializations"),
         MutationSerialization.class.getName(), ResultSerialization.class.getName());
     // If passed a quorum/ensemble address, pass it on to TableOutputFormat.
     if (quorumAddress != null) {
       // Calling this will validate the format
       ZKConfig.validateClusterKey(quorumAddress);
       conf.set(TableOutputFormat.QUORUM_ADDRESS,quorumAddress);
     }
     if (serverClass != null && serverImpl != null) {
       conf.set(TableOutputFormat.REGION_SERVER_CLASS, serverClass);
       conf.set(TableOutputFormat.REGION_SERVER_IMPL, serverImpl);
     }
     job.setOutputKeyClass(ImmutableBytesWritable.class);
     job.setOutputValueClass(Writable.class);
     if (partitioner == HRegionPartitioner.class) {
       job.setPartitionerClass(HRegionPartitioner.class);
       int regions = MetaTableAccessor.getRegionCount(conf, TableName.valueOf(table));
       if (job.getNumReduceTasks() > regions) {
         job.setNumReduceTasks(regions);
       }
     } else if (partitioner != null) {
       job.setPartitionerClass(partitioner);
     }
 
     if (addDependencyJars) {
       addDependencyJars(job);
     }
 
     initCredentials(job);
   }
 
   /**
    * Ensures that the given number of reduce tasks for the given job
    * configuration does not exceed the number of regions for the given table.
    *
    * @param table  The table to get the region count for.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.
    * @throws IOException When retrieving the table details fails.
    */
   public static void limitNumReduceTasks(String table, Job job)
   throws IOException {
     int regions =
       MetaTableAccessor.getRegionCount(job.getConfiguration(), TableName.valueOf(table));
     if (job.getNumReduceTasks() > regions)
       job.setNumReduceTasks(regions);
   }
 
   /**
    * Sets the number of reduce tasks for the given job configuration to the
    * number of regions the given table has.
    *
    * @param table  The table to get the region count for.
    * @param job  The current job to adjust.
    * @throws IOException When retrieving the table details fails.
    */
   public static void setNumReduceTasks(String table, Job job)
   throws IOException {
     job.setNumReduceTasks(MetaTableAccessor.getRegionCount(job.getConfiguration(),
        TableName.valueOf(table)));
   }
 
   /**
    * Sets the number of rows to return and cache with each scanner iteration.
    * Higher caching values will enable faster mapreduce jobs at the expense of
    * requiring more heap to contain the cached rows.
    *
    * @param job The current job to adjust.
    * @param batchSize The number of rows to return in batch with each scanner
    * iteration.
    */
   public static void setScannerCaching(Job job, int batchSize) {
     job.getConfiguration().setInt("hbase.client.scanner.caching", batchSize);
   }
 
   /**
    * Add HBase and its dependencies (only) to the job configuration.
    * <p>
    * This is intended as a low-level API, facilitating code reuse between this
    * class and its mapred counterpart. It also of use to external tools that
    * need to build a MapReduce job that interacts with HBase but want
    * fine-grained control over the jars shipped to the cluster.
    * </p>
    * @param conf The Configuration object to extend with dependencies.
    * @see org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapred.TableMapReduceUtil
    * @see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-3285">PIG-3285</a>
    */
   public static void addHBaseDependencyJars(Configuration conf) throws IOException {
 
     // PrefixTreeCodec is part of the hbase-prefix-tree module. If not included in MR jobs jar
     // dependencies, MR jobs that write encoded hfiles will fail.
     // We used reflection here so to prevent a circular module dependency.
     // TODO - if we extract the MR into a module, make it depend on hbase-prefix-tree.
     Class prefixTreeCodecClass = null;
     try {
       prefixTreeCodecClass =
           Class.forName("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.codec.prefixtree.PrefixTreeCodec");
     } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
       // this will show up in unit tests but should not show in real deployments
       LOG.warn("The hbase-prefix-tree module jar containing PrefixTreeCodec is not present." +
           "  Continuing without it.");
     }
 
     addDependencyJars(conf,
       // explicitly pull a class from each module
       org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants.class,                      // hbase-common
       org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos.class, // hbase-protocol
       org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put.class,                      // hbase-client
       org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CompatibilityFactory.class,            // hbase-hadoop-compat
       org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapper.class,           // hbase-server
       prefixTreeCodecClass, //  hbase-prefix-tree (if null will be skipped)
       // pull necessary dependencies
       org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper.class,
       io.netty.channel.Channel.class,
       com.google.protobuf.Message.class,
       com.google.common.collect.Lists.class,
       org.apache.htrace.Trace.class,
       com.yammer.metrics.core.MetricsRegistry.class);
   }
 
   /**
    * Returns a classpath string built from the content of the "tmpjars" value in {@code conf}.
    * Also exposed to shell scripts via `bin/hbase mapredcp`.
    */
   public static String buildDependencyClasspath(Configuration conf) {
     if (conf == null) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Must provide a configuration object.");
     }
     Set<String> paths = new HashSet<String>(conf.getStringCollection("tmpjars"));
     if (paths.size() == 0) {
       throw new IllegalArgumentException("Configuration contains no tmpjars.");
     }
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
     for (String s : paths) {
       // entries can take the form 'file:/path/to/file.jar'.
       int idx = s.indexOf(":");
       if (idx != -1) s = s.substring(idx + 1);
       if (sb.length() > 0) sb.append(File.pathSeparator);
       sb.append(s);
     }
     return sb.toString();
   }
 
   /**
    * Add the HBase dependency jars as well as jars for any of the configured
    * job classes to the job configuration, so that JobClient will ship them
    * to the cluster and add them to the DistributedCache.
    */
   public static void addDependencyJars(Job job) throws IOException {
     addHBaseDependencyJars(job.getConfiguration());
     try {
       addDependencyJars(job.getConfiguration(),
           // when making changes here, consider also mapred.TableMapReduceUtil
           // pull job classes
           job.getMapOutputKeyClass(),
           job.getMapOutputValueClass(),
           job.getInputFormatClass(),
           job.getOutputKeyClass(),
           job.getOutputValueClass(),
           job.getOutputFormatClass(),
           job.getPartitionerClass(),
           job.getCombinerClass());
     } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
       throw new IOException(e);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Add the jars containing the given classes to the job's configuration
    * such that JobClient will ship them to the cluster and add them to
    * the DistributedCache.
    */
   public static void addDependencyJars(Configuration conf,
       Class<?>... classes) throws IOException {
 
     FileSystem localFs = FileSystem.getLocal(conf);
     Set<String> jars = new HashSet<String>();
     // Add jars that are already in the tmpjars variable
     jars.addAll(conf.getStringCollection("tmpjars"));
 
     // add jars as we find them to a map of contents jar name so that we can avoid
     // creating new jars for classes that have already been packaged.
     Map<String, String> packagedClasses = new HashMap<String, String>();
 
     // Add jars containing the specified classes
     for (Class<?> clazz : classes) {
       if (clazz == null) continue;
 
       Path path = findOrCreateJar(clazz, localFs, packagedClasses);
       if (path == null) {
         LOG.warn("Could not find jar for class " + clazz +
                  " in order to ship it to the cluster.");
         continue;
       }
       if (!localFs.exists(path)) {
         LOG.warn("Could not validate jar file " + path + " for class "
                  + clazz);
         continue;
       }
       jars.add(path.toString());
     }
     if (jars.isEmpty()) return;
 
     conf.set("tmpjars", StringUtils.arrayToString(jars.toArray(new String[jars.size()])));
   }
 
   /**
    * Finds the Jar for a class or creates it if it doesn't exist. If the class is in
    * a directory in the classpath, it creates a Jar on the fly with the
    * contents of the directory and returns the path to that Jar. If a Jar is
    * created, it is created in the system temporary directory. Otherwise,
    * returns an existing jar that contains a class of the same name. Maintains
    * a mapping from jar contents to the tmp jar created.
    * @param my_class the class to find.
    * @param fs the FileSystem with which to qualify the returned path.
    * @param packagedClasses a map of class name to path.
    * @return a jar file that contains the class.
    * @throws IOException
    */
   private static Path findOrCreateJar(Class<?> my_class, FileSystem fs,
       Map<String, String> packagedClasses)
   throws IOException {
     // attempt to locate an existing jar for the class.
     String jar = findContainingJar(my_class, packagedClasses);
     if (null == jar || jar.isEmpty()) {
       jar = getJar(my_class);
       updateMap(jar, packagedClasses);
     }
 
     if (null == jar || jar.isEmpty()) {
       return null;
     }
 
     LOG.debug(String.format("For class %s, using jar %s", my_class.getName(), jar));
     return new Path(jar).makeQualified(fs);
   }
 
   /**
    * Add entries to <code>packagedClasses</code> corresponding to class files
    * contained in <code>jar</code>.
    * @param jar The jar who's content to list.
    * @param packagedClasses map[class -> jar]
    */
   private static void updateMap(String jar, Map<String, String> packagedClasses) throws IOException {
     if (null == jar || jar.isEmpty()) {
       return;
     }
     ZipFile zip = null;
     try {
       zip = new ZipFile(jar);
       for (Enumeration<? extends ZipEntry> iter = zip.entries(); iter.hasMoreElements();) {
         ZipEntry entry = iter.nextElement();
         if (entry.getName().endsWith("class")) {
           packagedClasses.put(entry.getName(), jar);
         }
       }
     } finally {
       if (null != zip) zip.close();
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Find a jar that contains a class of the same name, if any. It will return
    * a jar file, even if that is not the first thing on the class path that
    * has a class with the same name. Looks first on the classpath and then in
    * the <code>packagedClasses</code> map.
    * @param my_class the class to find.
    * @return a jar file that contains the class, or null.
    * @throws IOException
    */
   private static String findContainingJar(Class<?> my_class, Map<String, String> packagedClasses)
       throws IOException {
     ClassLoader loader = my_class.getClassLoader();
 
     String class_file = my_class.getName().replaceAll("\\.", "/") + ".class";
 
     if (loader != null) {
       // first search the classpath
       for (Enumeration<URL> itr = loader.getResources(class_file); itr.hasMoreElements();) {
         URL url = itr.nextElement();
         if ("jar".equals(url.getProtocol())) {
           String toReturn = url.getPath();
           if (toReturn.startsWith("file:")) {
             toReturn = toReturn.substring("file:".length());
           }
           // URLDecoder is a misnamed class, since it actually decodes
           // x-www-form-urlencoded MIME type rather than actual
           // URL encoding (which the file path has). Therefore it would
           // decode +s to ' 's which is incorrect (spaces are actually
           // either unencoded or encoded as "%20"). Replace +s first, so
           // that they are kept sacred during the decoding process.
           toReturn = toReturn.replaceAll("\\+", "%2B");
           toReturn = URLDecoder.decode(toReturn, "UTF-8");
           return toReturn.replaceAll("!.*$", "");
         }
       }
     }
 
     // now look in any jars we've packaged using JarFinder. Returns null when
     // no jar is found.
     return packagedClasses.get(class_file);
   }
 
   /**
    * Invoke 'getJar' on a custom JarFinder implementation. Useful for some job
    * configuration contexts (HBASE-8140) and also for testing on MRv2.
    * check if we have HADOOP-9426.
    * @param my_class the class to find.
    * @return a jar file that contains the class, or null.
    */
   private static String getJar(Class<?> my_class) {
     String ret = null;
     try {
       ret = JarFinder.getJar(my_class);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       // toss all other exceptions, related to reflection failure
       throw new RuntimeException("getJar invocation failed.", e);
     }
 
     return ret;
   }
 }